可持续发展目标16进展报告（英文版）_193页_7mb

SDG16 Summary

Core Content

Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG16) focuses on promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, providing access to justice for all, and building effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. It is considered one of the most ambitious goals of the SDGs and faces significant challenges in measurement and implementation. The report by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) is a comprehensive global audit of progress on SDG16 indicators, emphasizing the importance of measuring peace as a key component of development.

Main Findings

• Data Availability: Of the 22 SDG16 indicators covered, only 7 have data for more than 90% of countries, while 8 have data for less than 50% of countries. Key indicators related to violence against children, sexual violence, and underreporting of violence have data for less than 40% of countries.
• Corruption: Nearly 15% of businesses stated that a bribe to a public official was expected as part of a meeting or inspection, highlighting corruption as a major issue.
• Homicide Rates: 72% of countries have seen a fall in homicide rates over the past decade, with only 34 countries recording conflict-related deaths in 2016.
• Violent Crime in Africa: In 21 of 34 African countries, violent crime victimization has decreased between 2006 and 2015.
• Safety Perception: Only 4 countries have over 90% of the population feeling safe walking alone at night.
• Violence Against Children: In 53 of 64 countries with data, over 60% of households experienced some level of violence against children.
• Reporting to Police: In most African countries, less than 40% of violent incidents are reported to the police.
• SDG16 and Positive Peace: SDG16 is closely aligned with the concept of Positive Peace, which includes attitudes, institutions, and structures that create and sustain peaceful societies. However, the SDGs only partially cover the key aspects of Positive Peace, particularly in areas like Low Levels of Corruption and Free Flow of Information.
• Conflict Impact: Conflict and violence have severely impacted the achievement of MDGs, with fragile and conflict-affected countries achieving significantly less progress on these goals.
• Statistical Capacity: Countries affected by conflict have lower statistical capacity, making it difficult to collect accurate and timely data. This underscores the importance of third-party data sources like the IEP's Global Peace Index (GPI) and Positive Peace Index (PPI) in monitoring progress.

Key Challenges

• Data Gaps: Many indicators lack global data or are only measured in a limited number of countries.
• Methodological Issues: Some indicators are multidimensional and require more comprehensive measurement approaches.
• Political Sensitivity: Certain indicators, such as those related to corruption or journalist safety, are difficult to measure independently due to political constraints.
• Statistical Capacity: National statistical offices (NSOs) need time and investment to build the necessary data collection systems.
• Context Specificity: In conflict zones, independent monitoring bodies play a crucial role in filling data gaps.

Methodology

• The report uses data from both government and third-party organizations, particularly those identified by the IAEG on SDG indicators and the SDG16 Data Initiative.
• IEP has developed composite measures like the GPI and PPI to provide global benchmarks for peace and justice.
• The report tracks trends in SDG16 indicators since 2005 and highlights the importance of harmonized data for meaningful cross-country comparisons.

Structure

• Executive Summary: Provides an overview of the report's purpose, methodology, and key findings.
• Key Findings: Summarizes the data availability and performance across SDG16 indicators.
• Introduction: Explains the importance of SDG16, its relationship to Positive Peace, and the challenges in its measurement.
• SDG16 Progress by Indicators: Details the methodology and performance of each of the 12 SDG16 targets.
• Country Progress Reports: Includes 163 country-specific reports, providing data availability, performance, and trends for each indicator.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for sustained investment in statistical capacity, the importance of third-party data sources, and the significance of measuring both Negative and Positive Peace. It also highlights that SDG16 is not only a standalone goal but also an enabler for achieving other SDGs. Without accurate and comprehensive data, it will be difficult to assess progress and ensure the successful implementation of SDG16.