2021-10-17-欧洲安全研究所-2021年欧洲安全年鉴_213页_17mb

报告摘要

Summary of the 2021 Yearbook of European Security

Introduction

The 2021 Yearbook of European Security highlights the EU’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, and security challenges in 2020. The pandemic disrupted global cooperation, forcing the EU to prioritize emergency actions, humanitarian aid, and multilateralism. The year also saw intensified competition with China, challenges to democracy, and the need for strategic autonomy. The book covers EU external actions, defence cooperation, crisis management, and specific regional and thematic sections.

Key Sections

1. External Action

Covid-19 Pandemic: The EU deployed “Team Europe” to coordinate global health responses, vaccinating 500 million people by 2020 through initiatives like COVAX.
Multilateralism: The EU maintained support for UN bodies like WHO and criticized withdrawal from Open Skies Treaty and INF Treaty.
Turkey: Provocations in the Eastern Mediterranean (e.g., drilling near Cyprus) led to EU sanctions.
Western Balkans: Focus on elections in Kosovo, Montenegro, and Albania, with EU support for stability.
North Africa/Middle East: Libya’s conflict, Syria’s civil war, and Iran nuclear deal issues.
Sub-Saharan Africa: Humanitarian crises in Tigray, Yemen, and Ethiopia.
Eastern Neighbourhood: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, China’s BRI, and Belarus crisis.
Asia-Pacific: Geopolitical competition with China, India’s ties with the EU, and Australia’s partnership.

2. European Security and Defence Cooperation

CSDP Missions: The EU and Germany extended Operation Althea in Bosnia, EUTM Mali, and EUCAP Somalia.
Military Mobility: €1.5 billion allocated for military mobility under CEF.
EDF and PESCO: Collaboration on Defence Fund ($7.9B) and PESCO projects for capabilities.
Strategic Compass: Initiated in 2020 to address hybrid threats, climate security, and autonomy.

3. Security

Hybrid Threats: Info-ops, disinformation campaigns, and cyberattacks surged during the pandemic.
Cyberspace: EU cybersecurity strategy focused on resilient networks, NIS 2 Directive, and joint EU-Commission proposals.
Border Management: EU operations like EUBAM Libya and cooperation on asylum seekers and migration.
Terrorism: Record attacks in France, UK, and Nigeria. EU Action Plan on Firearms and counter-terrorism efforts.
Space: Galileo, Copernicus, and investments in space security and autonomy.
Maritime: EU deepened its navy role in the Atlantic and East China Sea.

4. Statistical Annex

CSDP Personnel: Missions like EULEX Kosovo and EUAM Ukraine involved thousands of staff.
EDIDP/PADR Investments: Major projects funded include Geode (space), SMOTANET (cyber), and ESC2 (command and control).
EU Delegations: 5,768 staff by Dec 2020.
UN Voting: Active participation in resolutions on Libya, Syria, and others.