牛津经济研究院-清洁增长差距：低碳能源投资如何改变英国（英）-2023-5页_615kb

报告摘要

The Clean Growth Gap: Summary

Introduction

This report, "The Clean Growth Gap," examines the critical role of low-carbon energy investment in transforming the UK economy and achieving decarbonization goals by 2050.

Key Challenges

The UK faces a competitive disadvantage compared to other major economies. The US Inflation Reduction Act is providing significant subsidies that attract trillions in private investment to clean energy, placing the UK at risk of losing out.
Projections indicate the UK will have the slowest growth in low-carbon electricity generation among the world's largest eight economies through 2030.
Current levels of expected clean energy investment in the UK are low, and its renewable capacity per capita is lower than that of the EU, US, France, Germany, China, and others.

Economic Risks and Opportunities

Insufficient investment could lead to missed opportunities for job creation, export growth, and energy security. The sector currently employs over 247,000 people and generated £54.4 billion in turnover, with potential for up to 480,000 jobs by 2030.
Investment gaps may result in increased reliance on imported clean energy products, while failure to act could exacerbate geographical disparities in economic development, particularly in industrial clusters like Merseyside and Humberside.

Recommendations and Findings

Private sector investment is essential due to the scale of required investment (estimated at £1.4 trillion by 2050) and constrained public finances. Over 70% of clean energy investment must come from private sources.
The UK must strategically enhance its regulatory environment, improve incentive schemes (e.g., the Contracts for Difference scheme funding has reduced from £285 million to £205 million), and foster collaboration between government, industry, and civil society.
Cleaner energy investments can address geographical inequalities by supporting supply chains and manufacturing, creating high-skilled jobs in sectors like carbon capture, hydrogen, and renewable technology.
Energy UK and Oxford Economics advocate for policies that make the UK attractive for green technologies, ensuring the UK regains its leadership in the global clean energy market.

Conclusion

Collaborative action from government, business, and civil society is crucial to unlock the potential of clean energy investment, secure a timely and efficient decarbonized economy, and mitigate cross-country challenges, with 2023 identified as a turning point for decisive measures.