2014年-世界发展银行全球_Rapid_Damage_and_Loss_Assessment___December_24-25_2013_Floods_24页_2mb

Rapid Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA) Report: December 24-25, 2013 Floods in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Core Content

The Rapid Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA) report was conducted by the Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (GoSVG) in collaboration with the World Bank, following the severe floods that occurred on December 24-25, 2013. These floods, caused by a tropical trough system, led to intense flash flooding, resulting in 9 confirmed deaths, 3 missing persons, and widespread damage to infrastructure, housing, and essential services.

The report serves as a critical tool for informing recovery, reconstruction, and financial planning. It highlights the need for disaster risk reduction and management to be integrated into land use and physical planning processes to enhance national resilience against natural disasters and climate change.

Main Points

Event Overview

• Date: December 24-25, 2013
• Cause: A tropical trough system brought extraordinarily heavy rainfall to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
• Rainfall Intensity:
  • 200–310 mm in 2–3 hours on the north windward side
  • 153.3 mm on the north leeward side
• Impact:
  • 50% of the population was directly affected
  • 16,885 people were impacted
  • 44% of the affected population lives in poverty
  • 97% of total damages occurred in the infrastructure sector
  • 3% in the social sector (housing, education, health)
  • <1% in the productive sector (agriculture, tourism, industry)

Disaster Declaration

• The GoSVG declared a National Level 2 Disaster on December 26, 2013 under the National Emergency and Disaster Management Act, 2006
• The declaration covered 12 specific disaster areas, including:
  • Vermont Valley to Buccament Bay
  • Rose Bank and Dark View (Leeward Side)
  • Chateaubelair, Fitz-Hughes, Richmond Vale, Spring Village, Gordon Village, Cumberland, Troumaca, South Rivers, O'Brien Valley, and Georgetown

Damage and Losses

• Total damages and losses: US$108.4 million (EC$291.4 million), or 15% of GDP
• Infrastructure Damage:
  • Transport: US$67.9 million (EC$182.4 million)
  • Electricity: US$5.2 million (EC$14.0 million)
  • Water & Sanitation (W&S): US$3.1 million (EC$8.5 million)
• Housing Damage: US$6.8 million (EC$18.3 million)
• Health Damage: US$1.8 million (EC$4.9 million)
• Agriculture Damage: US$1.4 million (EC$3.7 million)
• Tourism Damage: US$0.1 million (EC$0.3 million)
• Education Damage: US$0.0 million (EC$0.0 million)
• Industry and Commerce (I&C) Damage: US$0.0 million (EC$0.0 million)

Economic Impact

• Macroeconomic impact: The event significantly disrupted economic flows, including production, services, and infrastructure
• Reconstruction Contingencies: Additional 15% increase in total damages is anticipated due to ongoing reconstruction efforts
• Financing Needs: The report outlines financing gaps and sources for recovery and reconstruction

Immediate Response

• Emergency Operations:
  • Rescue operations, clearing landslides, and restoring water and electricity were initiated
  • 225 persons were evacuated
  • Schools were closed for an extra week during Christmas vacation
• National Disaster Plan Activation: The National Emergency Management Organization (NEMO) led the initial damage assessment and declared a Level 2 Disaster
• WB Team Deployment: A World Bank team arrived on January 7, 2014, to conduct a detailed DaLA and support reconstruction planning

Key Information

Vulnerability to Natural Hazards

• SVG is highly vulnerable to meteorological and geophysical hazards
• The country has over 40 rivers and tributaries, many of which flow through poorly developed areas
• Volcanic terrain and steep slopes increase the risk of landslides and debris flows
• Climate change exacerbates natural hazard risks, increasing stress on water availability and coastal investments
• Historical disasters: Volcanic eruptions in 1789, 1812, 1902, 1971, and 1979, and hurricanes such as Allen (1980), Lenny (1999), and Tomas (2010)

DaLA Methodology

• The DaLA approach assesses monetary damage, losses, and social, economic, and environmental impacts
• Damage is calculated based on the value of assets that were fully or partially destroyed
• Losses are defined as the economic flows disrupted until full recovery and reconstruction
• The methodology uses the country's system of national accounts and covers all macroeconomic sectors

Support and Funding

• The World Bank provided technical assistance and support for DaLA and reconstruction
• The European Union (EU) funded the ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Program, managed by GFDRR
• The report is a joint collaboration between GoSVG and the World Bank

Conclusion

The December 2013 floods were a major disaster that significantly impacted infrastructure, housing, and essential services. The report emphasizes the need for long-term disaster risk reduction strategies to build resilience and reduce the vulnerability of the nation to future natural disasters. It also outlines the financial and operational challenges faced by the GoSVG and the importance of international collaboration in disaster response and recovery.