2016-06-29-世界卫生组织-Zika_situation_report_-_30_June_2016_7页_610kb

Zika Virus Situation Report Summary (30 June 2016)

I. Overview

As of mid-2016, Zika virus spread had impacted 61+ countries/territories, primarily through mosquito-borne transmission (Aedes species). While no new countries reported ongoing mosquito-borne transmission by mid-June, evidence of past transmission existed in many nations.

II. Associated Health Risks

1. Confirmed Causes: Scientific consensus linked Zika virus to causing Microcephaly (congenital brain defect) and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) - a neurological disorder that can cause muscle weakness and paralysis.
2. Microcephaly Cases: Associations with microcephaly were reported globally. Specific cases born to mothers during confirmed or potential Zika infection in Latin America increased concerns. No new country reported ongoing mosquito-borne transmission by late June.
3. GBS Cases: 14 countries reported increased GBS or confirmed Zika infection in GBS patients. An investigation into GBS in Guadeloupe noted additional cases under review.

III. Transmission Modes

• Primary Mode: Ongoing mosquito-borne transmission remained the main driver in many areas, including many islands and mainland territories in the Americas (primarily Category 1 WHO classification - first outbreaks with no prior evidence).
• Secondary Mode: Person-to-person transmission via sexual contact (reported in 10 countries).

IV. Global Response and Assessment

1. WHO Emergency Committee Meetings: Took place in June 2016 to address the evolving situation.
2. Strategic Response Framework (SRF): Launched to coordinate global response efforts covering surveillance, case management, vector control, research, and communication. A revised strategy followed later in the year.
3. WHO Actions: Developed guidance materials and risk communications tools.
4. Risk Assessment: WHO maintained a global risk assessment of "high," with no significant change, despite declines reported in some regions. The introduction of the virus's Asian lineage in Cabo Verde raised unknown implications.

V. Data Tables Highlights

• Countries by Mosquito Transmission: Hugely affected Latin America, Caribbean, and parts of Oceania & Pacific.
• Countries by Non-vector (Sexual) Transmission: Primarily focused on North/South America and a few European countries.
• Microcephaly/SUSPN Cases: Mainly reported in Latin America (Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, etc.), Cabo Verde, and the US.
• GBS Cases: Primarily reported from the Americas (Brazil, Colombia, French territories, US).