2016能源效率市场报告（英文版）_140页_4mb

Energy Efficiency Market Report 2016 Summary

Core Content

This report from the International Energy Agency (IEA) highlights the importance of energy efficiency in global energy policy and outlines the current state of energy efficiency progress, policy drivers, market trends, and investment figures. It emphasizes that energy efficiency is a critical tool for achieving decarbonisation, reducing energy bills, improving energy security, and enhancing air quality.

Main Points

• Energy Efficiency as a Central Policy Imperative: Energy efficiency is identified as a key component of energy policy that can reduce energy bills, decarbonise the energy system, improve air quality, and enhance energy security. It is considered the most cost-effective and scalable solution to meet global climate goals.

• Global Progress and Gaps: In 2015, global energy intensity improved by 1.8%, tripling the annual rate from the previous decade. However, this rate is still too slow to meet the 2.6% annual improvement needed for a sustainable pathway to a decarbonised energy system. Only 30% of global final energy demand is covered by mandatory efficiency policies, with a significant portion of energy use still lacking efficiency requirements.

• China's Leadership in Energy Efficiency: China has become a major driver of global energy efficiency progress. In 2015, its energy intensity improved by 5.6%, significantly higher than the OECD average. China's energy efficiency improvements have contributed to the global 1.8% improvement, and its 13th Five-Year Plan (2016–2020) is expected to drive an additional USD 270 billion in energy efficiency investment.

• Policy as a Key Driver: Government policies, particularly mandatory standards and regulations, have been the main force behind energy efficiency gains. The IEA Efficiency Policy Progress Index (EPPI) shows a 7% increase in the last decade, indicating policy improvements. The report highlights successful policies such as the US vehicle standards, Japan's Top-Runner programme, and China's Top 10 000 programme.

• Impact of Lower Energy Prices: Falling energy prices, especially for crude oil, have posed a challenge to the energy efficiency market. However, policies have mitigated this impact by maintaining or increasing efficiency gains. For example, in the US, fuel economy standards have offset the effects of lower fuel prices on vehicle efficiency.

• Market Growth and Investment: The energy efficiency market has grown significantly, with global investment reaching USD 221 billion in 2015, up 6% from 2014. The buildings sector saw the highest investment growth (9%), and the US and China are the largest markets for energy efficiency services.

• Energy Efficiency Services Market: Energy service companies (ESCOs) are now a distinct market sector. In 2015, ESCOs generated USD 24 billion in turnover, with China leading the market and the US contributing USD 6.4 billion.

Key Information

• Energy Intensity Trends:

  • Global energy intensity improved by 1.8% in 2015.
  • Emerging economies saw higher gains (2.5%) compared to OECD countries (2%).
  • In a 2°C pathway, non-OECD countries need to achieve 3.7% annual intensity improvements, while OECD countries need 2.2%.

• China's Energy Efficiency:

  • China's energy intensity improved by 5.6% in 2015, up from an average of 3.1% per year over the previous decade.
  • Energy savings in 2015 reached 450 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe), equivalent to Japan’s annual energy consumption.
  • Energy efficiency investment in China between 2006 and 2014 totalled USD 370 billion.

• Policy Impact:

  • Mandatory energy efficiency policies have expanded, covering 30% of global final energy demand in 2015, up from 11% in 2000.
  • The average performance levels of these policies have increased by 23% over the past decade.
  • The EPPI shows that residential buildings have seen the fastest progress, driven by building codes and MEPS.

• Market and Investment Trends:

  • Energy efficiency investment in 2015 was 2.3 times greater than investment in conventional power generation.
  • The buildings sector had the highest investment growth (9%).
  • The US and China are the largest markets for energy efficiency services, with China accounting for 41% of global efficient vehicle investment.

• Challenges and Opportunities:

  • Despite progress, two-thirds of the global economic potential for energy efficiency remains untapped.
  • Energy efficiency is the largest single action in the optimal pathway to a decarbonised energy system.
  • The report calls for stronger and more widespread energy efficiency policies to meet climate goals and improve global energy security.

Conclusion

The report underscores that while energy efficiency is making progress globally, it is not yet sufficient to meet the urgent needs of climate action and sustainable development. It highlights the role of public policy in driving efficiency gains and the potential for further expansion in the energy efficiency market, especially in China. The IEA aims to support governments and stakeholders in implementing and understanding energy efficiency policies to fully exploit this abundant resource.