2020年全球生活成本（英文版）_13页_1mb
报告摘要
Worldwide Cost of Living 2020 Summary
Core Content
The Worldwide Cost of Living 2020 report by The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) ranks global cities based on the cost of living, using a comparative index with New York as the base city (index = 100). The report highlights how currency fluctuations, inflation, and local economic conditions have influenced the rankings.
Main Findings
Top 10 Most Expensive Cities
- Singapore, Hong Kong, and Osaka share the top spot for the first time in the report's history.
- New York ranks 4th, while Paris and Zurich drop to 5th and 10th respectively.
- Tel Aviv moves up to 7th, and Los Angeles and Tokyo to 8th and 8th respectively.
- Geneva falls to 10th, marking a significant drop from previous years.
Key Trends
- Asian cities dominate the top of the rankings, with a clear trend of rising costs.
- European cities have generally seen a decline in their rankings due to weak economic growth and lower inflation.
- US cities have risen in the rankings, with Boston, Atlanta, and San Francisco showing the most significant increases.
- Currency shifts have played a central role in the changes, with the US dollar strengthening against many other currencies.
- Venezuela's Caracas and Syria's Damascus experience the highest increases in cost of living due to economic instability and currency devaluation.
Major Cities and Their Movements
Cities that rose in the rankings:
- Istanbul (Turkey): +24 places
- Kiev (Ukraine): +22 places
- Boston (US): +18 places
- Moscow (Russia): +16 places
- Bangkok (Thailand): +15 places
- Atlanta (US): +13 places
- Lima (Peru): +13 places
- Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo (Brazil): +12 and +11 places respectively
Cities that fell in the rankings:
- Sofia (Bulgaria): -16 places
- Casablanca (Morocco): -14 places
- Reykjavik (Iceland): -14 places
- Lusaka (Zambia): -13 places
- Rome and Düsseldorf (Germany/Italy): -11 places each
- Belgrade (Serbia): -10 places
- Perth (Australia): -10 places
Cost of Living Categories
Average Prices (Current)
| Product | Singapore | Hong Kong | Osaka | New York | Paris | Zurich | Tel Aviv | Los Angeles | Tokyo | Geneva |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1kg loaf of bread | $3.35 | $3.60 | $5.63 | $8.62 | $5.20 | $4.69 | $4.70 | $6.82 | $7.41 | $5.62 |
| 1 beer bottle (330ml) | $2.25 | $1.57 | $2.49 | $3.50 | $1.86 | $2.55 | $3.27 | $1.91 | $2.47 | $1.37 |
| Men’s two-piece business suit | $1,167.14 | $1,639.41 | $1,483.82 | $3,073.09 | $1,724.23 | $689.12 | $1,979.17 | $1,607.67 | $960.85 | $506.69 |
| Women’s haircut | $96.01 | $112.88 | $55.63 | $210.00 | $124.03 | $72.47 | $102.55 | $199.88 | $65.74 | $93.30 |
Average Prices (Last Year)
| Product | Singapore | Hong Kong | Osaka | New York | Paris | Zurich | Tel Aviv | Los Angeles | Tokyo | Geneva |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1kg loaf of bread | $3.40 | $3.91 | $5.20 | $8.33 | $5.66 | $4.78 | $5.09 | $6.26 | $7.12 | $6.06 |
| 1 beer bottle (330ml) | $2.37 | $1.77 | $2.30 | $3.33 | $2.10 | $3.25 | $2.94 | $197.50 | $63.17 | $700.00 |
| Men’s two-piece business suit | $1,161.14 | $1,874.65 | $1,359.85 | $2,729.77 | $2,000.65 | $651.89 | $1,940.58 | $1,463.78 | $946.00 | $573.20 |
| Women’s haircut | $96.01 | $112.10 | $53.46 | $210.00 | $119.04 | $73.97 | $93.59 | $197.50 | $63.17 | $700.00 |
Key Observations
- Currency appreciation and local inflation have been the main drivers of changes in the rankings.
- Emerging-market currencies such as the Turkish lira and the Ukrainian hryvnia have weakened, contributing to higher costs in cities like Istanbul and Kiev.
- High-income cities such as New York and Singapore continue to be the most expensive for domestic help and utilities.
- South Asian cities still dominate the bottom ten due to low wages and high income inequality, despite economic growth.
- Political instability and currency devaluation are major factors in the rising cost of living in cities like Caracas and Damascus.
Methodology and Purpose
- The survey compares over 400 prices across 160 products and services in 130+ cities.
- It is conducted bi-annually (March and September) and published in June and December.
- Prices are collected from supermarkets, mid-priced stores, and specialty outlets.
- The index is calculated using weighted averages and exchange rates, with New York as the base city.
- The report is intended to help HR and finance managers in setting cost-of-living allowances and compensation packages for expatriates.
Additional Information
- The full report and CityData database offer historical data and detailed analysis.
- Users can access semi-annual updates, price comparisons, and regional trends.
- The EIU also offers subscription services for country, risk, and industry analysis.
- EIU Consulting provides tailored services in healthcare and public policy.
Conclusion
The Worldwide Cost of Living 2020 report highlights the global impact of currency fluctuations, economic policies, and inflation rates on the cost of living. Asian cities continue to lead in the most expensive rankings, while European cities have generally declined due to weaker economic conditions. The report serves as a valuable resource for businesses and individuals looking to understand and manage living costs in different global markets.
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