2017年-世界发展银行全球_Greater_Maputo___Urban_Poverty_and_Inclusive_Growth_48页_1mb

Summary of "Republic of Mozambique: Maputo Urban Poverty and Inclusive Growth"

Core Content

This report, titled Maputo Urban Poverty and Inclusive Growth, is a comprehensive analysis of poverty and inclusive growth in the Greater Maputo Area (GMA) of Mozambique. It was prepared by the World Bank and aims to inform municipal governments of Maputo and Matola on how to better target and finance urban poverty reduction programs. The study focuses on poverty mapping, access to basic urban services, and the potential for increasing municipal revenue through land-based financing instruments.

Main Objectives

• To map and analyze urban poverty in the GMA.
• To assess the spatial distribution of poverty and its correlation with access to infrastructure, basic services, and exposure to natural risks.
• To evaluate the housing market and estimate the potential for increasing property tax revenue.
• To provide policy recommendations at both national and municipal levels to support inclusive urban growth.

Key Findings

Poverty Trends in GMA

• Poverty has significantly declined in most neighborhoods of the GMA from 1997 to 2007.
• Maputo Municipality reduced poverty from 37% to 10% during this period.
• Matola Municipality also saw a reduction, but at a more modest rate.
• Poverty rates are higher in areas farther from the central business district (CBD).

Spatial Patterns of Poverty

• Poverty rates are inversely correlated with proximity to the CBD.
• The neighborhoods immediately surrounding the CBD had higher poverty rates in 1997.
• Over time, as poor households moved out to find more affordable housing, especially in Matola, poverty rates decreased in central areas and increased in outer neighborhoods.
• The most significant reductions in poverty were observed in specific areas of Maputo such as Zimpeto, Magoanine, Malhazine, Mahotas, Costal do Sol, Albasine, Ferroviario, and Laulane.

Poverty Intensity and Gap

• Poverty intensity (as measured by the poverty gap and poverty severity gap) has also decreased in most areas.
• The poverty gap measures how far the poor are from the poverty line, while the poverty severity gap measures inequality among the poor.
• These indicators provide a more nuanced understanding of poverty than the headcount ratio alone.

Access to Basic Urban Services

• Poor households in non-durable housing face greater challenges in accessing basic services.
• The distance or travel time to services like water, electricity, health facilities, and police stations is significantly higher for poor households.
• Access to piped water and electricity has improved in recent years, but sanitation access remains limited, especially in outer areas.
• In Matola, households within 15 km of the CBD have better access to piped water outside their homes than those in Maputo.

Natural Hazards and Vulnerability

• There is a strong correlation between poverty and exposure to natural risks, such as flooding.
• Flooding and poor sanitation conditions in underserved areas contribute to the prevalence of airborne diseases like diarrhea and malaria.
• These areas are also more vulnerable to natural hazards that can destroy income and assets.

Housing Market Assessment

• A comprehensive housing market assessment was conducted for the first time in the GMA.
• Data on land and housing values was collected to estimate the potential for increasing property tax revenue.
• The study suggests that improving tax compliance, increasing the tax rate from 0.4% to 1.0%, and using market value for property tax assessment could significantly boost municipal revenue.
• Maputo City Council could generate approximately Mt 44 billion in net present value (NPV), while Matola could generate Mt 29 billion.

Land-Based Infrastructure Financing

• There is a significant unmet revenue potential from land-based financing instruments.
• The study outlines options for increasing land-based financing, including property tax reforms and land value capture mechanisms.
• It emphasizes the need for better data collection and institutional reforms to leverage land-based revenue for urban infrastructure development.

Policy Recommendations

At National Level

• Strengthen the national urban policy framework to support inclusive growth.
• Promote institutional reforms to improve the collection of property tax and other land-based revenues.
• Encourage the use of market-based valuation methods for land and housing.

At Municipal Level

• Improve the targeting of urban poverty reduction programs based on spatial poverty mapping.
• Enhance the capacity of municipal governments to collect and use land-based revenue for infrastructure development.
• Implement policies that ensure affordable housing and access to basic services in underserved areas.
• Develop a more integrated approach to urban planning and service delivery.

Conclusion

The report highlights the importance of spatial analysis in understanding and addressing urban poverty in the GMA. It underscores the role of land-based financing in supporting urban infrastructure and inclusive growth. The findings suggest that with better policy design and institutional capacity, municipal governments in Maputo and Matola can significantly improve their ability to finance poverty reduction programs and enhance the quality of life for the urban poor.