2010年-世界发展银行全球_The_Urban_Rehabilitation_of_Medinas___The_World_Bank_Experience_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa_40页_2mb

Summary of The Urban Rehabilitation of Medinas: The World Bank Experience in the Middle East and North Africa

Core Content

This document outlines the World Bank's experience and strategies in the urban rehabilitation of medinas in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Medinas, as historic urban centers, are vital to the region's cultural and economic identity, yet they face significant challenges due to urbanization, modernization, and the neglect of their unique heritage and social fabric.

Main Objectives of Medina Rehabilitation

The rehabilitation of medinas is aimed at achieving three primary objectives:

1. Conservation of Cultural Heritage
   Preserving the physical and intangible heritage of historic cities, including monuments, public spaces, and traditional architecture, in accordance with international standards.

2. Local Economic Development
   Enhancing the economic potential of medinas by promoting cultural tourism, handicrafts, and related industries, as well as creating employment opportunities.

3. Improvement of Living Conditions
   Addressing the basic needs of the resident population through better housing, access to infrastructure and services, and poverty alleviation initiatives.

These objectives must be pursued simultaneously for successful rehabilitation.

Contemporary Medina Users

Medinas are no longer self-contained cities but are now central parts of larger urban agglomerations. The users of medinas can be classified into four main groups:

• Medina Residents: Seek basic services like health and education, shop in local markets, and use public spaces for social interaction.
• Residents of Other Urban Neighborhoods: Visit medinas for traditional goods and experiences, such as local food and handicrafts.
• National Visitors: Interested in cultural heritage, visit historical sites and purchase local products.
• International Tourists: Attracted to cultural attractions, they seek accommodations, dining, and shopping opportunities in medinas.

The document emphasizes that understanding these user groups is essential for designing effective rehabilitation strategies.

Key Challenges and Considerations

• Decay and Neglect: Medinas have experienced physical and social decay due to population migration, lack of investment, and poor urban planning.
• Legal and Institutional Barriers: Complex property titling, rent control policies, and weak institutional frameworks hinder rehabilitation efforts.
• Uneven Benefits: Rehabilitation projects often result in uneven distribution of benefits, with some groups gaining more than others.
• Social Consensus and Stakeholder Engagement: Successful rehabilitation requires the active participation of the public, private, and non-profit sectors, as well as sensitivity to the needs and interests of all stakeholders.

Role of the Public Sector

The public sector plays a central role in medina rehabilitation, as it is the only actor capable of coordinating and integrating the diverse objectives of conservation, economic development, and social improvement. It must also manage the contributions of the private and non-profit sectors to ensure a balanced and sustainable transformation.

Financial and Fiscal Mechanisms

To support medina rehabilitation, the World Bank advocates for:

• Private Sector Involvement: Encouraging private investment through incentives and public-private partnerships.
• International Development Financing: Leveraging international funding to support national and local governments in their rehabilitation efforts.
• Fiscal Instruments: Utilizing tools such as grants, loans, and technical assistance to mobilize resources and ensure the sustainability of projects.

Cultural Tourism as an Economic Driver

Cultural tourism is identified as a key economic rationale for medina rehabilitation. The document introduces the Medina Tourism Potential Index, an innovative tool used to assess the potential of historic cities for tourism development. This index helps in identifying the most viable medinas for investment and revitalization.

World Bank Projects in the Region

Several World Bank projects have been implemented in the MENA region to support medina rehabilitation, including:

• Tunisia Third Urban Development Project
  Focused on improving shelter and urban services for low-income residents and strengthening local institutions.

• Fez Medina Rehabilitation Project (Morocco)
  Aimed at enhancing infrastructure, preserving monuments, and promoting cultural tourism.

• Bethlehem 2000 Project (West Bank & Gaza)
  Supported local economic development and poverty reduction through job creation and cultural heritage conservation.

• Jordan Second Tourism Development Project
  Enhanced sustainable tourism, infrastructure, and environmental conservation in historic sites like Petra and Jerash.

• Yemen Social Fund for Development Projects
  Included initiatives for improving living conditions and generating income through cultural heritage preservation and training.

• Tunisia Cultural Heritage Project
  Focused on museum management, market development, and strengthening local institutions.

• Lebanon Cultural Heritage and Urban Development Project
  Aimed at improving public spaces, infrastructure, and institutional capacity in historic cities like Baalbek and Byblos.

Conclusion

The document concludes that medina rehabilitation is a complex process requiring a multifaceted approach. It underscores the importance of aligning legal, institutional, and financial frameworks with the needs of the local population and the potential of cultural tourism. The World Bank remains committed to supporting such efforts, collaborating with various stakeholders to ensure the long-term sustainability and development of these historic urban centers.