世界经济论坛-通过消费者需求推动可持续航空：未来清洁天空可持续航空燃料证书框架（英）-2021.6-44页_5mb

报告摘要

Summary of the Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Framework

Core Content

The Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) framework is a novel approach to support the decarbonization of the aviation industry by addressing the "chicken-and-egg" challenge of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) adoption. It is a market-based mechanism that allows corporate buyers to invest in SAF and claim emissions reductions without directly using the fuel, thereby enabling Scope 3 emissions accounting for businesses.

Main Points

Aviation Emissions: Aviation accounts for approximately 3% of global CO₂ emissions, and despite a sharp decline during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is expected to rebound and grow in emissions.
SAF as a Solution: SAF is a viable near-term solution for reducing aviation emissions, capable of reducing carbon intensity by up to 100% depending on feedstock and technology. However, its cost is currently 2–5 times higher than conventional jet fuel.
Challenges: SAF producers and consumers face economic and market barriers to scaling production. Without guaranteed demand, SAF producers are hesitant to invest.
Corporate Role: Corporations and other organizations have a key role in addressing Scope 3 emissions from business travel and air cargo. They are willing to pay up to 5–10% of airfare costs to support SAF.
SAFc Mechanism: SAFc is a virtual certificate that decouples SAF from its emissions benefits, allowing buyers to claim Scope 3 reductions while producers can sell the fuel and certificates separately. This mechanism helps bridge the supply and demand gap for SAF.

Key Information

1. SAF's Essential Role in Decarbonizing Aviation

SAF is produced from sustainable feedstocks such as used cooking oils, forestry residues, and municipal solid waste.
It can reduce the carbon intensity of aviation by up to 100% on a life-cycle basis.
Immediate action is critical to meet climate goals, as the IPCC states that the most critical period for emissions reduction is between now and 2030.
Scalability is a key factor; with sufficient investment, SAF production could meet 10% of total jet fuel sales by 2030.
In-sector solution: SAF is currently the only in-sector decarbonization option available, as hydrogen and electric flying are not yet scalable for long-haul flights.

2. The SAFc Framework

Based on Energy Attribute Certificates (EACs), SAFc is a virtual accounting instrument that allows for market-based emissions reductions.
It is designed to facilitate demand for SAF, increase market confidence, and support new production capacity.
SAFc enables shared responsibility for Scope 3 emissions, allowing corporate buyers to retire certificates and claim indirect emissions reductions.
It is compatible with international standards such as the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP), the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi), and CORSIA.

3. SAFc Functionality

SAFc Product: Certificates are issued based on fuel volume or life-cycle emissions reductions.
Accounting Framework: The framework allows aircraft operators to claim Scope 1 reductions from SAF use, and corporate buyers to retire SAFc and claim Scope 3 reductions.
Traceability: SAFc ensures physical and virtual tracking of fuel and certificates, supporting transparency and verification.
Avoiding Double Counting: SAFc prevents Scope 1 and Scope 3 double counting by distinguishing between direct and indirect emissions.
Regulatory Alignment: The framework is designed to align with existing and future regulatory standards, including EU SAF blending mandates and US Low Carbon Fuel Standards (LCFS).

4. Next Steps

Pilots: Several organizations, including Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Microsoft, PwC, SkyNRG, and United Airlines, are testing the SAFc framework.
Refinement: The framework will be refined and finalized with input from the Clean Skies for Tomorrow (CST) coalition and its partners.
Implementation Guidance: A comprehensive implementation guide is expected for release later in 2021.
Governance: A transparent and robust governance system, including an issuing body and registry, is required to ensure legitimacy and non-double counting of emissions claims.

Conclusion

The SAFc framework offers a systematic and scalable approach to support SAF adoption and address Scope 3 emissions for businesses. By decoupling emissions benefits from the physical fuel, it enables corporate buyers to invest in SAF and claim environmental impact. This framework is a key innovation in climate action, demonstrating how consumer demand can be leveraged to accelerate decarbonization in the aviation sector.