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5G NR mmWave Summary

Core Content

This document provides an update on the performance and new use cases of 5G NR mmWave (millimeter wave) networks, focusing on advancements in the past year and results from benchmark testing. It is prepared by Signals Research Group (SRG) and highlights improvements in data speeds, coverage, and the introduction of new applications such as fixed wireless access (FWA) and enterprise use cases.

Main Points

1. Network Performance Improvements

• Increased Bandwidth: 5G NR mmWave networks now support 8x100 MHz downlink and 2x100 MHz uplink carrier aggregation, doubling the channel bandwidth compared to earlier versions.
• Data Speeds:
  • 5G NR mmWave smartphones with 8x100 MHz support achieved nearly twice the data speeds of those with 4x100 MHz.
  • Uplink speeds for 2x100 MHz smartphones were nearly double those of 1x100 MHz smartphones.
  • Data speeds above 3 Gbps are achievable in commercial networks, with some tests showing up to 3.5 Gbps peak speeds.
• Throughput Increase: The average downlink throughput increased by 85% due to the introduction of 4x100 MHz additional spectrum.

2. New Use Cases

• Fixed Wireless Access (FWA):
  • 5G NR mmWave FWA services are now available, with data speeds above 2 Gbps at 1.7 km (about 9 city blocks).
  • High-power CPEs enable meaningful data speeds even under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions.
• Enterprise Use:
  • mmWave signals provide good coverage indoors, even in areas where the signal is not directly visible.
  • mmWave reflections and resiliency allow for Gigabit-per-second speeds in hallways, stairwells, and conference rooms.

3. Testing Locations and Results

• Chicago:
  • Testing with 8x100 MHz smartphones showed sustained data speeds up to 3.5 Gbps.
  • The test area included Lincoln Park, where mmWave coverage extended to multiple buildings.
• Wisconsin:
  • Long-distance FWA tests reached 5.1 km, with Gbps speeds even when the CPE was misaligned with the serving cell site.
• Minneapolis:
  • Uplink data speeds exceeded 100 Mbps, and 2CC uplink support was tested with various devices.

4. PDCP Split Bearer Combining

• This feature allows simultaneous data transfer over 5G NR and LTE, increasing total channel bandwidth and data speeds.
• In tests, LTE throughput was 53.6 Mbps, while 5G NR throughput averaged 1,283.6 Mbps.
• The combination of both bearers significantly improves the user experience by leveraging the strengths of both technologies.

5. Future Enhancements

• Higher Bandwidth: Future 5G NR mmWave channels could be up to 2 GHz wide, which is 20x the current maximum.
• Improved Carrier Aggregation:
  • Uplink carrier aggregation beyond 2x100 MHz is expected to increase uplink speeds.
  • Sub 6 GHz and mmWave band pairing will improve downlink/uplink speeds and extend coverage.
• Rural mmWave FWA:
  • Pending commercial support for mmWave coverage enhancement features will make rural FWA more viable.

Key Information

Testing Devices

• Smartphones:
  • LG V60 UW, OnePlus 8 5G UW, Samsung Galaxy Note 20 5G UW, Samsung Galaxy A71 5G UW, Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra (with 8x100 MHz support).
• CPEs:
  • Qualcomm CPE reference design, Wistron NeWeb Corporation LRV5-100 Internet Gateway, Lenovo Flex 5G ACPC (Always Connected Personal Computer).
• Modems:
  • Snapdragon X55, Snapdragon X50, Qualcomm QTM525 and QTM527 modules.

Test Locations

• Chicago:
  • Downtown area and Lincoln Park (near DePaul University).
• Wisconsin:
  • Rural areas for long-distance FWA testing.
• Minneapolis:
  • Indoor and outdoor testing, including enterprise environments.

Technical Advancements

• Carrier Aggregation:
  • 8x100 MHz downlink and 2x100 MHz uplink support.
• Beamforming:
  • Enables better signal coverage and performance in NLOS conditions.
• PDCP Split Bearer:
  • Combines 5G NR and LTE data traffic for improved throughput and user experience.

Summary

The document outlines significant progress in 5G NR mmWave performance and use cases, emphasizing the benefits of increased bandwidth, improved coverage, and new applications like FWA and enterprise streaming. SRG's testing with a variety of devices and locations demonstrates that mmWave can deliver high-speed data and low latency, even in challenging environments. Future enhancements, such as higher bandwidth, better carrier aggregation, and more efficient PDCP split bearer functionality, are expected to further improve 5G NR mmWave performance and expand its applicability.