世界银行-银色色调：建设适合时代的城市-EAP区域论文（英）-2023.10-36页_4mb

SILVER HUES: Building Age-Ready Cities (EAP Regional Paper)

Introduction

• Global Trends: Aging populations, urbanization, technological advancement, and climate emergencies shape urban environments.
• Relevance: Age-ready cities benefit all residents, not just older adults, and align with SDG 11 and the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing.
• Value Proposition: Universal design, economic opportunities (silver economy), and intergenerational resources make age-readiness cost-effective and essential.

Regional Trends in Aging

• Accelerated Aging: EAP region is aging faster than others; projected doubling of the elderly population (13% → 26% by 2050).
• Income Variations: High-income countries (e.g., Japan, HK SAR) lead; many developing countries (Vietnam, Indonesia) age despite less wealth.
• Female Majority: Older populations increasingly female, increasing risks of poverty and caregiving burdens.

Aging and Urbanization

• Urban Concentration: Rapid urbanization correlates with aging; by 2050, most countries face >10% elderly and over 50% urbanization.
• Three Categories:
  1. High-income aging (e.g., Japan, Korea): Highly urbanized, need sustainable solutions.
  2. Developing concurrent aging (ASEAN, Pacific Islands): Low now, but aging and urbanizing together.
  3. Young urbanizing populations (e.g., Indonesia, Philippines): Young cities aging; need retrofitting.

Who Are Older Persons?

• Diverse Needs: Income, mobility, living arrangements vary; women face higher poverty risks.
• Key Considerations: Data gaps on needs; intergenerational caregiving impacts women; low-income elderly face inadequate housing.

Building Age-Ready Cities

Key Attributes

• Adaptive: Repurpose infrastructure (e.g., school buildings to community centers), universal accessibility.
• Productive: Silver economy; business-friendly policies for elderly markets.
• Inclusive: Spatial, social and economic inclusion; partnerships and community engagement.

Action Areas

1. Universal Design: Principles of equitable use, flexibility, simplicity – applicable to built environments.
2. Housing Solutions: Aging in place vs. institutional care; barrier-free rental housing policies (Japan).
3. Multigenerational Spaces: Intergenerational housing/sharing (Korea), community clubs (Vietnam).
4. Transport Enhancements: Accessible public transit, mobility patterns (women’s unique use of transport).
5. Tech Integration: Telehealth, AI monitoring, cyber-protection (Singapore, concerns on data).
6. Efficient Spatial Forms: Transit-oriented development reducing car dependency.

Vision and Action Steps to Enhance Age-Readiness

1. Long-term Vision: National/subnational integration.
2. Data & Analysis: Robust evidence for policies.
3. Comprehensive Consultations: Social contracts with stakeholders.
4. Design Appropriate Actions: Mainstream aging into frameworks.
5. Capacity Building: Municipal institution revamps and training.
6. Monitoring Systems: Embed age-readiness in KPIs.

Conclusion

• EAP region faces rapid aging compounded by urbanization.
• Strategies must be tailored by region: OECD cities → retrofit, younger ASEAN → early investment.
• Promising examples from Japan, Korea, Thailand design policies for flexibility and inclusion, demonstrating that age-ready cities enhance equity and economic vitality.