2012-12-31-世界卫生组织-2013_GATS_Executive_Summary_Uganda_8页_6mb

GATS Uganda 2013 Executive Summary

Introduction

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is a standardized tool for monitoring adult tobacco use and tracking tobacco control indicators. The 2013 GATS in Uganda was a nationally representative household survey targeting non-institutionalized adults aged 15 years or older. It was conducted by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) under the coordination of the Ministry of Health, with technical support from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The survey aimed to provide comparable data for national and international use to support the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the MPOWER technical package.

Methodology

GATS Uganda used a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design to ensure representative data across the country, by gender, and by place of residence (urban/rural). A total of 10,382 households were sampled, with 8,982 completing screening and 8,508 individuals successfully interviewed. The overall response rate was 86.6%, with a 91.2% household response rate and a 94.9% individual response rate. Data was collected using electronic handheld devices, enhancing accuracy and efficiency.

The survey covered various aspects including:

• Tobacco use (smoking and smokeless)
• Smoking cessation efforts
• Exposure to secondhand smoke
• Economic factors related to tobacco
• Media exposure to anti- and pro-tobacco messages
• Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about tobacco use

Key Findings

Tobacco Use

• 7.9% (1.3 million) of Ugandan adults aged 15+ used tobacco products.
  • 11.6% of men and 4.6% of women.
• 5.8% (0.96 million) smoked tobacco.
  • 10.3% of men and 1.8% of women.
• 5.3% (0.88 million) smoked cigarettes.
  • 9.6% of men and 1.4% of women.
• 2.4% (0.39 million) used smokeless tobacco.
  • 1.7% of men and 3.0% of women.
• 72.3% of current daily tobacco users had their first use within 30 minutes of waking up.
• Daily cigarette smokers smoked an average of 7 cigarettes per day (urban: 7, rural: 6).

Smoking Cessation

• 63.6% of current smokers planned to or were thinking about quitting.
• 43.9% of all smokers had attempted to quit in the past 12 months.
• 75.7% of those who attempted to quit did so without assistance.
• Only 45.2% of current smokers who visited a healthcare provider received advice to quit.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke

• 20.4% (0.5 million) of adults working indoors were exposed to secondhand smoke at work in the past 30 days.
  • 26.0% of men and 13.7% of women.
• 13.1% (2.2 million) of adults were exposed to secondhand smoke at home at least monthly.
  • 14.2% of men and 12.0% of women.
• 62.3% of adults were exposed to secondhand smoke in bars and night clubs.
  • 60.9% of non-smokers.
• 16.0% of adults were exposed to secondhand smoke in restaurants.
• 25.4% of adults noticed tobacco advertising, promotion, or sponsorship (TAPS) in the last 30 days.

Economics of Tobacco

• The five most purchased cigarette brands were: Supermatch (44.1%), Sportsman (37.7%), Safari (13.0%), Sweet Menthol (3.6%), and Rex (1.0%).
• The median monthly expenditure on manufactured cigarettes was USh 11,980.
• Current smokers spent an average of USh 20,730 per month on manufactured cigarettes.
• The average cost of a pack of manufactured cigarettes was USh 2,656, which is 16.4% of the per capita GDP in 2013.
• 88.2% of adults favored increasing taxes on tobacco products.

Media Exposure

• 70.6% of Ugandan adults noticed anti-cigarette information in the media.
  • 59.5% of current smokers and 71.3% of non-smokers.
• 31.9% of current smokers thought about quitting due to health warnings on cigarette packages.
• 25.4% of adults noticed cigarette advertising, promotion, or sponsorship in the last 30 days.
  • 29.9% of smokers and 25.1% of non-smokers.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions

• 94.6% of adults believed smoking causes serious illness.
  • 95.2% of men and 94.0% of women.
• 56.4% believed smoking causes stroke, heart attack, and lung cancer.
• 89.5% believed breathing other people's smoke causes serious illness.
• 89.3% favored a complete ban on tobacco advertising.

Policy Implications and Recommendations

1. Implement comprehensive smoke-free policies to protect non-smokers from secondhand smoke exposure in all public places and workplaces.
2. Integrate cessation services into the national healthcare system to support smokers in quitting, especially by increasing healthcare provider capacity for counseling and cessation assistance.
3. Enhance media messages with effective and hard-hitting anti-tobacco content, including pictorial health warnings on all tobacco products.
4. Enforce a total ban on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS), with strict enforcement mechanisms to reduce tobacco use.
5. Raise taxes on tobacco products to increase their cost and reduce affordability, thereby encouraging cessation and preventing initiation.
6. Periodically monitor tobacco use and key indicators to assess the effectiveness of tobacco control policies and programs.

These findings highlight the need for a multi-faceted approach to tobacco control in Uganda, emphasizing the importance of public health policies, media campaigns, and economic interventions to reduce tobacco use and its associated harms.