2013年-世界发展银行全球_Liberia_Public_Expenditure_Review_Note___Meeting_the_Challenges_of_the_UNMIL_Security_Transition_34页_556kb

Liberia Public Expenditure Review Note: Meeting the Challenges of the UNMIL Security Transition

Core Content

This report, prepared by the World Bank and the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), outlines the challenges and strategies for transitioning from a UN-led security system to a sustainable national security framework in Liberia. The document focuses on the financial and institutional aspects of this transition, particularly the need for a strategic approach to ensure fiscal sustainability and effective security management.

Main Points

1. Security Context

• Threat Assessment: Liberia has remained stable since 2003, but peace is fragile. Internal threats include violent crime, land disputes, ethnic tensions, corruption, and weak institutions. External threats include regional instability and porous borders.
• National Security Strategy (NSS): The 2008 NSS is a holistic framework that includes democracy, rule of law, human rights, political and economic stability, regional cooperation, and environmental sustainability. It aims to consolidate peace, avoid role duplication, and promote transparent recruitment and gender-responsive reforms.

2. Security Sector Structure and Functions

• Core Security Actors: The Liberia National Police (LNP), Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL), Liberia Coast Guard (LCG), and other agencies such as the National Fire Service (NFS), National Security Agency (NSA), and the National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) are key players.
• Oversight: The National Security Council (NSC) and Joint Steering Committee (JSC) are responsible for strategic coordination and oversight. The Ministry of Justice (MOJ) and Ministry of National Defense (MND) also play a role in managing the security sector.
• Financing: The security sector faces challenges in funding due to limited fiscal space, weak institutional capacity, and inadequate resources.

3. UNMIL Peacekeeping Operation

• Impact: UNMIL has played a crucial role in maintaining peace and security, supporting the transition from conflict to stability.
• Transition Process: The UN Security Council authorized a phased drawdown of UNMIL's forces starting in 2006, with the process resuming after the 2011 elections.
• Drawdown Calendar: Key operations will be transferred to national authorities, with the police (LNP) and immigration (BIN) being the primary beneficiaries.

4. Challenges of Transition

• Cost of Security Services: The transition involves significant costs, particularly for the police and immigration services, due to the need for training, equipment, and infrastructure.
• Financing Issues: The government has limited fiscal space and faces challenges in absorbing the full cost of security functions. Public confidence in the security sector is low due to corruption and inefficiency.

5. Road Map for Sustainable Security Financing

• Top-Down Approach: The NSC should lead in setting strategic priorities and resource envelopes in coordination with the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning.
• Bottom-Up Process: Security agencies must revise their strategic plans to ensure alignment with national objectives and realistic cost estimates.
• Fiscal Constraints: Given limited fiscal space, the government must prioritize security functions and improve efficiency through better resource management, infrastructure sharing, and institutional reforms.

6. Way Forward

• Reforms and Efficiency: The security sector should focus on improving efficiency, reducing operating costs, and enhancing financial accountability.
• Recommendations:
  • Revise strategic plans to align with national security goals.
  • Improve human resource management, including pay, training, and disciplinary actions.
  • Enhance coordination and oversight mechanisms.
  • Strengthen public financial management and transparency in the security sector.
  • Develop a realistic cost estimate for security functions and ensure fiscal sustainability.

Key Information

• Government Fiscal Year: July 1 – June 30.
• Currency Equivalent: 1 US$ = 73 LD (as of June 2011).
• Security Sector Finances:
  • Table 2: Spending on the rule of law and public safety sector.
  • Table 3: Security expenditure by key administrative agency.
  • Table 4: Total cost of security services.
  • Table 5: Financing requirement in the security sector.
  • Table 6: Summary of a road map for a sustainable UNMIL transition.
• Key Economic Indicators (2003-2011):
  • Real GDP growth increased from 5.6% in 2005 to 8.1% in 2011.
  • Inflation varied between 6.9% and 17.5%.
  • Total Revenue and Grants increased from 80.3% of GDP in 2005 to 26.4% in 2011.
  • Total Expenditure increased from 12.3% to 27.0% of GDP.
  • Total Public External Debt decreased from 748.9% of GDP in 2003 to 8.0% in 2011.
  • M2/GDP increased from 20% in 2005 to 37.0% in 2011.
  • Credit to the Private Sector increased significantly.
  • Balance of Payments remained negative, with imports decreasing and exports fluctuating.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for a strategic, coordinated, and sustainable approach to security financing in Liberia as the country transitions from UN-led security to national responsibility. It recommends a combination of top-down planning and bottom-up costing, along with institutional reforms, to ensure that Liberia can effectively manage its security sector and achieve its development goals.