【华为】2024年微波产业白皮书_14页_13mb

Summary of the 2024 Microwave Industry White Paper

Core Content

This document outlines the current state and future direction of the microwave industry, with a focus on how it is adapting to the demands of 5G, 5.5G, and upcoming 6G networks. It highlights key innovations and strategies that are being developed to improve spectral efficiency, reduce costs, and support a wide range of applications including industry digitalization, emergency relief, and private line services.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Preface: Evolution of Microwave Technology

• Microwave technology continues to evolve due to the increasing demands of 5G and 5.5G networks.
• The need for higher data capacity and longer transmission distances has driven the development of new microwave solutions.
• E-band is considered the optimal spectrum for 5G and 5.5G deployments, and its potential is being explored to meet rising backhaul demands.
• Digital transformation across industries is driving the need for more reliable and flexible microwave connectivity.
• Universal coverage requirements are pushing the industry to innovate and reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) through modular designs, lean deployments, and simplified operations.

2. Full Duplex: Improving Spectral Efficiency

• Full Duplex (FD) is a key technology for enhancing microwave spectral efficiency.
• FD allows for simultaneous transmission and reception on the same frequency, potentially quadrupling spectral efficiency.
• Challenges include co-channel interference and reflection interference, which must be mitigated through digital interference cancellation.
• FD can be implemented with symmetrical FDD links, and it does not rely on the Rayleigh distance, allowing for more compact installations.
• Hub-ATPC dynamically adjusts transmit power and gain to maintain signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), ensuring reliable communication.
• CCIC (Co-channel Interference Cancellation) allows for smaller co-channel angles, improving spectrum utilization and reducing interference.

3. High-Density Deployment and Spectrum Utilization

• The exponential growth in backhaul capacity due to 5G/5.5G has intensified the demand for microwave spectrum.
• Operators face challenges in expanding hub site capacity due to limited spectrum availability.
• Techniques such as power control, coordination, and CCIC are being used to improve spectrum utilization.
• HGBF (High-Gain Beamforming) combines beamforming with clock synchronization to enhance system gain and reduce antenna size.
• HGBF offers up to 6 dB of theoretical gain and typically 4.5 dB, improving link availability and reducing tower rental costs.

4. Interconnection: Enabling Digital Transformation and Inclusivity

• Microwave technology is playing a critical role in connecting industries and enabling inclusive connectivity.
• Offshore Wind Power and Long-Haul Transmission: Microwave is used for long-distance, high-reliability communication between land and offshore sites, reducing the risk of production interruptions.
• Remote Rural Connectivity: Microwave is a cost-effective solution for providing broadband access to remote areas, improving access to information, education, and healthcare.
• Emergency Relief: Microwave enables rapid deployment of communication infrastructure in disaster scenarios, providing stable broadband and low-latency services.
• Private Lines for Finance and Power: Microwave offers ultra-low latency for financial services and supports intelligent power line inspections with high stability and low latency.

5. Compact Solutions: Reducing TCO and Enhancing Deployment

• Tower rent now accounts for over 40% of the five-year TCO, making compact solutions crucial.
• Reducing antenna diameter is a key research direction to lower tower rental costs.
• HGBF improves system gain and reduces the need for large antennas, thus enabling more compact and cost-effective deployments.
• The new SD (space diversity) and HGBF (high-gain beamforming) configurations provide better redundancy and performance than traditional methods.

6. New KPIs for Wireless Backhaul Planning

• The ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) has introduced new KPIs to improve wireless backhaul planning.
• CIR (Committed Information Rate): Defined as the minimum capacity needed to ensure service availability and survivability of RAN sites.
• BTA (Backhaul Traffic Availability): A new metric that assesses link status based on traffic-related information.
• These new KPIs aim to enable more cost-effective network designs while maintaining end-to-end quality of experience (QoE).

7. New Services: Expanding the Role of Microwave

• The emergence of new services such as ultra-broadband, multi-channel microwave, and ultralong-haul transmission is pushing the industry to develop more efficient planning and delivery solutions.
• Microwave is being increasingly used in private line services for finance and power, offering benefits such as low latency and high reliability.
• The integration of microwave into digital transformation efforts is expected to grow, supporting a wide range of industrial and societal applications.

Conclusion

The microwave industry is undergoing significant transformation to meet the demands of 5G, 5.5G, and future networks. Innovations such as full duplex, high-gain beamforming, and new KPIs are enhancing spectral efficiency, reducing costs, and expanding the range of applications. As the industry continues to evolve, microwave is expected to play a vital role in enabling digitalization and inclusive connectivity across various sectors.