2004-12-31-世界卫生组织-2005_STEPS_Fact_sheet_Sudan_2页_800kb

报告摘要

STEPS Survey Summary: Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Sudan/Khartoum State

Core Content

The STEPS (Surveillance of Trends and Events for Non-Communicable Diseases) survey in Sudan/Khartoum State was conducted from December 2005 to January 2006. It was a population-based study targeting adults aged 25–64 years, aiming to assess key risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The survey was partially implemented by Sudan/Khartoum State, covering Steps 1, 2, and 3. A total of 1573 adults participated, achieving an overall response rate of 98.3%.

A repeat survey is planned for 2010, contingent on funding availability.

Main Risk Factors Assessed

Step 1: Socio-Demographic and Behavioural Information

Tobacco Use:
- Percentage of current daily smokers: 12.0% (both sexes), with 24.7% among males and 2.9% among females.
- Average age started smoking: 20.8 years overall, with males starting earlier (19.9 years) than females (25.8 years).
- Average years of smoking: 23.2 years overall, with males smoking longer (24.1 years) than females (17.8 years).
- Percentage smoking manufactured cigarettes: 94.7% overall, with 97.5% among males and 74.1% among females.
- Mean number of manufactured cigarettes smoked per day: 8.4 overall, with 8.6 for males and 6.8 for females.
Alcohol Consumption:
- Percentage of abstainers (no alcohol in the last year): 83.5% overall, with 82.6% among males and 90.4% among females.
- Percentage of current drinkers (drank in the past 12 months): 1.8% overall, with 4.1% among males and 0.2% among females.
- Percentage of men who had 4 or more drinks on any day in the last week: 18.5%.
- Percentage of men who drank alcohol on 4 or more days in the last week: 22.2%.
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption:
- Mean servings of fruit per day: 1.17 overall, with 1.07 for males and 1.23 for females.
- Mean servings of vegetables per day: 1.40 overall, with 1.35 for males and 1.43 for females.
Physical Activity:
- Percentage with low activity levels (<600 MET-minutes/week): 86.8% overall, with 75.9% among males and 94.8% among females.
- Mean time spent in work-related physical activity per day: 427.2 minutes overall, with 525.0 for males and 367.8 for females.
- Mean time spent in transport-related physical activity per day: 65.1 minutes overall, with 75.2 for males and 57.9 for females.
- Mean time spent in recreational physical activity per day: 63.0 minutes overall, with 64.8 for males and 61.2 for females.

Step 2: Physical Measurements

Mean BMI: 25.4 overall, with 24.1 for males and 27.4 for females.
Percentage overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25): 53.9% overall, with 41.4% for males and 62.5% for females.
Percentage obese (BMI ≥ 30): 22.9% overall, with 11.7% for males and 30.7% for females.
Average waist circumference: 91.8 cm overall, with 90.7 for males and 92.6 for females.
Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP): 130.8 mmHg overall, with 130.2 for males and 131.2 for females.
Mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 84.0 mmHg overall, with no significant difference between males and females.
Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90): 23.6% overall, with 24.8% for males and 22.7% for females.
Percentage with very raised BP (SBP ≥ 170 and/or DBP ≥ 100): 9.7% overall, with 9.4% for males and 10.0% for females.

Step 3: Biochemical Measurements (Partially Collected)

Mean fasting blood glucose: 5.5 mmol/L overall, with 5.9 for males and 5.3 for females.
Percentage with raised blood glucose (≥ 7.0 mmol/L): 19.2% overall, with 22.2% for males and 17.8% for females.
Mean total blood cholesterol: 4.1 mmol/L overall, with 4.1 for males and 4.2 for females.
Percentage with raised total cholesterol (≥ 5.2 mmol/L): 19.8% overall, with 19.6% for males and 19.9% for females.
Percentage with very raised total cholesterol (≥ 6.5 mmol/L): 4.6% overall, with 3.5% for males and 5.0% for females.

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

Low risk (none of the risk factors): Data not provided.
Raised risk (at least three of the risk factors): Data not provided.
Raised risk distribution by age group:
- Aged 25 to 44 years: Data not provided.
- Aged 45 to 64 years: Data not provided.

Key Findings

Tobacco use is relatively common, with males being more likely to smoke daily than females.
Alcohol consumption is low overall, with a higher prevalence among males.
Fruit and vegetable intake is below recommended levels, with a mean of 1.17 fruits and 1.40 vegetables per day.
Physical activity is predominantly low, with most participants engaging in less than 600 MET-minutes per week.
Overweight and obesity are widespread, with a significant proportion of the population (over 50%) falling into these categories.
Raised blood pressure is a notable issue, affecting nearly a quarter of the population.
Biochemical indicators such as blood glucose and cholesterol levels are also concerning, with a substantial percentage of participants showing elevated levels.