世界银行-《泰国经济监测》，2023年12月-泰国实现碳中和之路：碳定价的作用（英）-2023.12-64页_2mb

报告摘要

Economic recovery faltered in 2023 amid global headwinds, with GDP growth at 1.5% YoY (Q3). Tourism and private consumption were key drivers.
Current account surplus returned to 2.6% of GDP in Q3, but financial account deficit due to FDI outflow.
Inflation decreased to negative 0.3% YoY due to energy subsidies and global price easing.
Fiscal consolidation slowed due to high recurrent spending and energy subsidies; public debt rose to 62.1% of GDP.

Thailand aims for net-zero emissions by 2065, with a revised NDC target of a 30% emission reduction by 2030 (previously 20%).
Key policies include the Climate Change Master Plan, Power Development Plan, and Alternative Energy Development Plan.
Carbon pricing is being considered as a central policy instrument to achieve emission reduction goals, with forms including carbon taxes and Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs).
Challenges include choosing sectoral coverage, managing revenue allocation, and ensuring complementarity with other policies (e.g., energy subsidies).

Carbon pricing is a game-changer for Thailand's climate agenda, potentially stimulating innovation and financing climate initiatives.
However, additional policies are needed to support low-carbon technology adoption and address technological and behavioral barriers.
Thailand can leverage international carbon markets through Emission Reduction Credits (ERCs), connecting to international finance flows.

Specific sources detailed in the document. For example:
- World Bank Thailand Public Revenue and Spending Assessment (2023)
- E3-Thailand Model updates (2023)

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