2024-03-20-世界卫生组织-2023_WHO_Global_Vaccine_Market_Report_15页_1mb

Global Vaccine Market Report 2023: Summary

Introduction

The 2023 update to the WHO Global Vaccine Market Report analyzes global vaccine market dynamics, emphasizing equitable access and addressing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. It builds on the 2022 call for action and incorporates ongoing initiatives like the Market Information for Access Initiative (MI4A). The report highlights trends in market size, regulation, manufacturing, distribution, and pricing, with data from 2022 compared to 2021 and where relevant, pre-pandemic years.

Key Findings

• Market Size and COVID-19 Impact: Despite a significant drop in COVID-19 vaccine purchases in 2022, COVID-19 vaccines continued to dominate the market, accounting for approximately 60% of global volume. Excluding COVID-19, global vaccine volume increased, driven by high-demand vaccines like pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Total market value grew, with tiered pricing based on income groups, though COVID-19 and adult vaccines like shingles and HPV saw steep value increases.
• Regulation and Manufacturing: The market remains concentrated, with 10 manufacturers supplying 75% of non-COVID-19 doses (excluding COVID-19) and accounting for 85% of global value. Regulatory maturity improved, with 34 countries at WHO maturity level 3, and emergency use listings facilitated rapid access to COVID-19 vaccines in low-resourced regions. Local manufacturing investments are ongoing, particularly in Africa, to reduce dependence on external suppliers.
• Distribution and Access Issues: Supply remains uneven, with WHO regions like Africa and Eastern Mediterranean relying heavily on imports. Stock-outs persist at high rates, commonly due to procurement and funding delays, affecting vaccines like OPV, BCG, and DTP. Adult vaccination coverage is low in low-income countries, while high-income countries leverage broader access to high-value vaccines.
• Pricing and Procurement: Prices are tiered by income, with high-income countries paying the most but benefiting from pooled procurement mechanisms like UNICEF and PAHO Revolving Fund for cost savings. Tiered pricing offers advantages for low-income countries, but upper middle-income countries often face price overlaps and limited affordability for expensive vaccines like HPV and PCV. Self-procurement dominates market volume but accounts for high value shares.

Call to Action for Equity

WHO urges governments, the industry, and partners to commit to:

1. Setting evidence-informed strategic goals and investing in pandemic preparedness, including regional manufacturing hubs.
2. Strengthening market preparedness through regulatory harmonization and transparency for enhanced health impact.
3. Ensuring technology transfer and equitable allocation mechanisms, especially during shortages.
   For the industry:
4. Align with WHO priorities in R&D and clinical trials in low-income countries.
5. Support country-driven initiatives and avoid duplicate efforts.
6. Prioritize global public health needs and support transparency.

Recommendations

Countries and international organizations should focus on reducing inequities, enhancing local production, and improving procurement transparency to ensure universal access to vaccines, as emphasized in the report.