国际可持续发展研究所-印尼能从南非的公正能源转型进程中学到什么？（英）-2023.7-18页_305kb

报告摘要

Mechanism: Financing partnership for coal phase-out funded by donors (IPG) and financial institutions (GFANZ).
Funding: $8.5 billion Phase 1 pledged (significantly more is needed).
Priority: Decarbonization, renewable energy deployment (aiming for 34% renewables by 2030), and Just Transition.
Governance: UK chairs the IPG; South Africa's Presidential Climate Finance Task Team (PCFTT) coordinates domestically.
Investment Plan (JET IP): Requires $1.48 trillion/USD $98 billion for 5 years. Focuses on power, hydrogen, new energy vehicles, skills, and local capacity. First funding targets most urgent programs.

Policy Implementation Gap: Stated intent vs. actual implementation; lack of broad consultation during design.
Political Landscape: Ongoing challenges in coordinating policies and addressing vested interests favouring coal.
Baselines: Investments don't fully address historical inequalities in energy access.
Social Aspect: Struggling to fund programs supporting coal workers/comunities equitably – harder than infrastructure finance.
Transmission: Existing grid limitations hindering renewable integration (requires investment, institutional reforms).

Careful Project Selection: Prioritize projects with demonstrable short-to-medium term results within the JETP timeframe.
Strong Energy Policy: Ensure JETP aligns with a clear, long-term national energy policy binding PLN and IPPs on coal phase-out.
Focus on Social Impacts: Structure JETP to prioritize social benefits; ensure just transition support in coal-dependent regions, engaging local communities.
Leverage Public Funds: Use JETP public funds (grants) strategically to leverage private investment, particularly avoiding fossil fuel subsidies.
Government Consensus: Achieve broad agreement within the Indonesian government on JETP goals and implementation to counter vested interests/energy crisis arguments for coal.
Legislate for Commitment: Embed JETP commitments into law (similar to environmental protocols) or via a durable presidential mandate to ensure continuity.