2017年-世界发展银行全球_Economy_Profile_of_United_Arab_Emirates_67页_1mb

报告摘要

Summary of "Doing Business 2018: Reforming to Create Jobs"

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report, published by the World Bank Group, provides a comprehensive analysis of business regulations across 190 economies, with a focus on how these regulations impact job creation. It evaluates key areas such as starting a business, construction permits, electricity access, property registration, credit availability, minority investor protection, tax compliance, trade across borders, contract enforcement, and insolvency resolution. The report also includes labor market regulation indicators, offering a detailed understanding of the regulatory environment for local firms.

Main Indicators and Their Descriptions

Indicator	Description
Starting a business	Measures the number of procedures, time, and cost to establish a limited liability company.
Dealing with construction permits	Tracks the procedures, time, and cost to complete all formalities for building a warehouse.
Getting electricity	Evaluates the procedures, time, and cost to connect to the electrical grid, including reliability and tariff transparency.
Registering property	Assesses the procedures, time, and cost to transfer property, along with the quality of the land administration system.
Getting credit	Measures the legal framework for movable collateral and credit information systems.
Protecting minority investors	Evaluates minority shareholders' rights in related-party transactions and corporate governance.
Paying taxes	Measures the number of payments, time, and total tax rate for a firm to comply with tax regulations.
Trading across borders	Assesses the time and cost to export and import goods.
Enforcing contracts	Measures the time and cost to resolve a commercial dispute, along with the quality of judicial processes.
Resolving insolvency	Evaluates the time, cost, outcome, and recovery rate for a commercial insolvency.
Labor market regulation	Assesses employment regulation flexibility and aspects of job quality.

Key Findings for the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Ease of Doing Business Ranking

UAE Rank: 19 (out of 190 economies)
Distance to Frontier (DTF): 68.7 (on a scale of 0–100, with 100 being the best performance)

Starting a Business

Procedures (Men): 4 (vs. 7.7 in the Middle East & North Africa region)
Procedures (Women): 5 (vs. 8.4 in the region)
Time (Men): 8 days (vs. 18.6 days in the region)
Time (Women): 9 days (vs. 19.3 days in the region)
Cost (Men): 13.4% of income per capita (vs. 18.7% in the region)
Cost (Women): 13.4% of income per capita (vs. 18.7% in the region)
Paid-in Minimum Capital: 0% of income per capita (vs. 9.9% in the region)

Key Procedure for Women:

Procedure 1 is specific to women and involves obtaining their husband's approval to leave the marital home, which adds an extra step compared to men.

Dealing with Construction Permits

Procedures: 14 (vs. 16.2 in the region)
Time: 50.5 days (vs. 132.1 days in the region)
Cost: 2.3% of warehouse value (vs. 4.3% in the region)
Building Quality Control Index: 15.0 (maximum score, indicating strong quality control and safety mechanisms)

Key Procedures:

Procedure 1: Hire a consultant to supervise construction and apply for pre-approvals. This is the only procedure that can be done by a consultant, not a contractor.
Procedure 2: Obtain soil test results, which can be done online.
Procedure 3: Apply for No Objection Certificates (NOCs), Civil Defense approval, and building permits online. Civil Defense approval can take up to 1 month.
Procedures 4–9: Phased inspections conducted by the Dubai Municipality, including site immobilization, foundation, and structure inspections, all free of charge and conducted without prior contact with officials.

About the Doing Business Project

Launched in 2002, the project evaluates business regulations for small and medium-sized companies.
It provides quantitative indicators to assess the regulatory environment and encourages reforms for more efficient business practices.
The report includes subnational data, allowing cities and regions to compare their performance and identify areas for improvement.
The distance to frontier (DTF) score measures how close an economy is to the best performance observed globally.
Ease of doing business ranking is determined by the DTF scores, which are averaged across all indicators.

Methodology Overview

The project uses a standardized business model for consistency across economies.
The business is assumed to be a limited liability company, 100% domestically owned, with five owners and a start-up capital of 10 times income per capita.
Procedures are counted as separate days, with online procedures counted as 0.5 days.
Costs are calculated as a percentage of income per capita, excluding bribes and professional fees unless required by law.
Gender-specific procedures are included to reflect the unique challenges faced by women entrepreneurs.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report highlights the UAE's strong performance in business regulation, particularly in starting a business and dealing with construction permits. The UAE is ranked 19th globally and has a DTF score of 68.7, showing it is close to the frontier of best practices. The report emphasizes the importance of transparent, efficient, and accessible regulations for fostering economic growth and job creation. It also underscores the need for continued reforms to improve the business environment further.

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