战略与国际研究中心-The-Conventional-Military-Balance-in-India,-Pakistan,-and-South-Asia_23页_140kb

Summary of the Conventional Military Balance in India, Pakistan, and South Asia (2001-2002)

Core Content

This document provides a comprehensive analysis of the conventional military balance in South Asia, focusing on military expenditures, manpower, and military equipment in the period 2001-2002. It includes data on land, air, and naval forces, as well as arms imports, with a particular emphasis on India and Pakistan, the two dominant military powers in the region.

Key Information

Military Spending Trends (1987-1997)

• Constant Dollars (1997 US $ Millions):

  • India significantly increased its military spending, reaching 10,900 in 1997.
  • Pakistan had a steady increase, ending at 3,380 in 1997.
  • Bangladesh saw a gradual rise, ending at 592 in 1997.
  • Sri Lanka experienced fluctuations, with the highest at 865 in 1995.
  • Myanmar had a sharp increase in the late 1990s, reaching 4,490 in 1995, but dropped significantly in 1997.

• Current Dollars (US $ Millions):

  • India maintained a high level of spending, reaching 10,900 in 1997.
  • Pakistan also showed a steady trend, ending at 3,380 in 1997.
  • Bangladesh and Sri Lanka had relatively low spending, with Sri Lanka reaching 835 in 1995.
  • Myanmar had a similar pattern to constant dollars, with a peak in 1995.

Military Manpower (2001-2002)

• Total Active Manpower (in thousands):

  • India: 1,263
  • Pakistan: 620
  • Bangladesh: 137
  • Myanmar: 440
  • Sri Lanka: 110-115

• Reserve and Paramilitary Forces:

  • India: 535 (Reserve) and 1,090 (Paramilitary)
  • Pakistan: 513 (Reserve) and 288 (Paramilitary)
  • Bangladesh: 63.2 (Paramilitary)
  • Myanmar: 100.25 (Paramilitary)
  • Sri Lanka: 4.2 (Reserve)

Land Forces

• Main Battle Tanks (in active service):

  • India: 3,414
  • Pakistan: 2,300
  • Bangladesh: 200
  • Afghanistan: 1,000
  • Myanmar: 100
  • Sri Lanka: 25

• Armored Fighting Vehicles (AFVs):

  • India: 1,350 AIFVs, 317 APCs, 100 Recce, 90 Lt. Tanks
  • Pakistan: 1,150 APCs
  • Bangladesh: 130 APCs
  • Afghanistan: 47 APCs
  • Myanmar: 400 APCs
  • Sri Lanka: 52 APCs

• Artillery Weapons:

  • India: 4,175 Towed Artillery, 180 Self-Propelled Artillery, 100 MRLs, 1,000 Mortars
  • Pakistan: 1,467 Towed Artillery, 240 Self-Propelled Artillery, 45 MRLs, 1,200 Mortars
  • Bangladesh: 68 ATK Guns
  • Myanmar: 120 Mortars
  • Sri Lanka: 81 Towed Artillery, 424 Mortars

Air Forces

• Combat Aircraft (in active service):

  • India: 738 total, 367 Fighters/Attack, 368 Fighters/Interceptors, 26 Fighters, 50 MR/MPA, 72 Armed Helicopters
  • Pakistan: 353 total, 112 Fighters/Attack, 192 Fighters/Interceptors, 5 MR/MPA, 9 Armed Helicopters
  • Bangladesh: 83 total, 27 Transport Aircraft
  • Sri Lanka: 29 total, 26 Air Force Fixed Wing
  • Myanmar: 113 total, 29 Transport Aircraft
  • Afghanistan: 25 total, 9 Transport Aircraft

• Combat Aircraft by Type:

  • India: 304 MiG-21, 64 MiG-29, 147 MiG-27, 304 MiG-21, 35 Mirage, 88 Jaguar S, 8 Su-30MK, 30 Su-7/-17/-22, 1 T-60, 2 T-4, 23 Sea Harrier
  • Pakistan: 111 Mirage, 77 F-7, 40 F-6, 13 Kfir
  • Sri Lanka: 26 Air Force Fixed Wing, 20 Air Force Helicopters
  • Myanmar: 113 total, 29 Transport Aircraft
  • Afghanistan: 25 total, 9 Transport Aircraft

• Rotary Wing Combat Aircraft:

  • India: 34 Armed Helicopters, 72 Naval Helicopters, 72 Sea King, 26 Chetak
  • Pakistan: 20 Army Helicopters, 9 Navy Helicopters
  • Bangladesh: 11 L-39ZA
  • Myanmar: 18 Mi-2
  • Sri Lanka: 2 Mi-24, 6 Mi-8, 2 Mi-25, 1 Mi-35
  • Afghanistan: 2 Mi-24, 5 Mi-8, 21 Mi-2, 5 Mi-25, 1 Mi-35

Naval Forces

• Naval Manpower (in thousands):

  • India: 53
  • Pakistan: 25
  • Bangladesh: 10.5
  • Myanmar: 10
  • Sri Lanka: 10

• Naval Combat Ships:

  • India: 7 Amphibious Ships, 18 Mine Vessels, 23 Missile Patrol, 16 Other Patrol, 18 Frigates/Corvettes, 8 Destroyers, 1 Carrier, 16 Submarines
  • Pakistan: 6 Amphibious Ships, 3 Mine Vessels, 5 Missile Patrol, 4 Other Patrol, 8 Frigates/Corvettes, 10 Submarines
  • Bangladesh: 14 Other Patrol, 4 Mine Vessels
  • Myanmar: 13 Other Patrol, 6 Mine Vessels
  • Sri Lanka: 7 Other Patrol

• Major Naval Combat Ships:

  • India: 1 Carrier, 8 Destroyers, 4 Frigates/Guided Missile, 7 Corvettes
  • Pakistan: 6 Frigates/Guided Missile
  • Western Influence: Includes additional naval assets affecting the regional balance, such as Western carriers, destroyers, and frigates.

Main Points

• India and Pakistan are the largest military spenders in the region, with India far surpassing Pakistan in both constant and current dollar terms.
• Military spending in India showed a significant increase, especially after 1996, while Pakistan experienced a more stable trend.
• Manpower in India and Pakistan is substantial, with India having the largest active forces and Pakistan maintaining a strong reserve and paramilitary presence.
• India has a significantly larger number of tanks, armored vehicles, and combat aircraft compared to Pakistan, though Pakistan has a notable number of fighters and interceptors.
• Afghanistan and Myanmar had smaller but growing military forces, with Afghanistan showing an increase in military equipment in the early 1990s.
• Naval capabilities are relatively limited in the region, with India and Pakistan having the most combat ships and submarines, and Western naval assets also playing a role in the regional balance.
• Arms imports varied significantly, with India and Pakistan being the major importers, though India had a more consistent pattern, while Pakistan showed more volatility.

Conclusion

The document highlights the military dominance of India and Pakistan in South Asia, with India having a significantly larger military budget and force structure. While Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar have smaller military forces, they still maintain a presence. Afghanistan had a large number of military assets in the early 1990s, but many were not operational. Western naval forces also play a role in the regional balance, particularly in terms of carrier and destroyer capabilities.