2025年全球粮农土地和水资源报告_148页_8mb

Summary of The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 – The Potential to Produce More and Better

Core Content

This report, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), explores the challenges, status, and potential of land and water resources for sustainable agricultural production and global food security. It emphasizes the need for smarter, more efficient food production to meet the growing demand from a projected global population of 9.7 billion by 2050, which will require a 50% increase in food, feed, and fibre production compared to 2012 levels.

Main Challenges

• Human-induced land degradation and deforestation are widespread, with over 60% of land degradation occurring on agricultural lands.
• Competition for land is intensifying due to urban expansion, industrial use, and changing land-use patterns.
• Water scarcity and shortages are critical issues, with agriculture accounting for over 70% of global freshwater withdrawals.
• Groundwater depletion, pollution, and salinization are major threats to water quality and availability.
• Sand and dust storms and biodiversity loss are also significant concerns.
• Climate change poses an existential threat to agrifood systems, affecting crop yields, water availability, and land productivity.

Status and Trends

• Cropland area has been increasing, but cropping intensity has also risen, indicating more efficient land use.
• Past performance of agricultural systems has enabled food production to keep up with population growth, but at a high environmental and social cost.
• Irrigation has played a crucial role in boosting crop production, especially for water-intensive crops.
• The current status of water resources for agriculture is under stress, with many regions experiencing water stress and inefficient use.

Potential for More and Better Production

• The report highlights the hidden and untapped potential of land and water resources to enhance sustainable agricultural production.
• It uses Global Agro-Ecological Zoning (GAEZ) data to assess the suitability of land for main crops under current and future climate scenarios.
• Yield gaps exist on existing rainfed land, indicating opportunities for increasing production through better management.
• The role of water in future agricultural intensification is emphasized, with a focus on water-use efficiency and sustainable irrigation.
• Climate change will affect the availability and suitability of land for crops, with projections under SSP 2.6 (low emissions) and SSP 8.5 (high emissions) showing varying impacts.

Technical Solutions for Sustainable Management

• Technical options for rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, urban and peri-urban contexts, pasturelands, forests, and inland fisheries are outlined.
• Integrated solutions are recommended to address the multifaceted challenges of land and water use.
• Examples of sustainable practices include crop diversification, composting, raised beds, precision livestock farming, and remote sensing drone technology.
• FAO's Agricultural Stress Index System (ASIS) and SEPAL platform are highlighted as tools for assessing and managing land and water resources.

Enabling Environment for Sustainable Solutions

• Integrated approaches and policy frameworks are critical for scaling up sustainable land and water management.
• Enablers include institutional capacity development, reforms in agricultural subsidies, and decision support systems for irrigation management.
• Participatory Informed Landscape Approach (PILA) and Territorial Planning Pact are mentioned as strategies to involve local communities and stakeholders in planning and implementation.
• FAO's Conceptual Framework for integrated land and water resources management is presented as a guiding tool for policymakers and practitioners.

Key Messages

• Land and water resources are foundational to global food security and must be managed sustainably.
• Yield gaps can be closed through sustainable practices, technological innovation, and climate-smart strategies.
• No single solution exists; context-specific and adaptive approaches are necessary.
• Climate change will significantly impact the suitability of land for major crops, necessitating adaptive management and resilience building.
• Integrated land-use planning and collaborative governance are essential for achieving sustainable and efficient agrifood systems.

Conclusion

The report concludes that sustainable management of land, soil, and water resources is vital for future food production and security. It calls for technical innovations, policy reforms, and inclusive governance to transform agrifood systems into more efficient, resilient, and sustainable ones. The choices made today will shape the ability to meet current and future demands while protecting the environment for future generations.

Annex and References

• The report includes annexes with detailed methodologies and data sources.
• References cover a wide range of studies, policies, and frameworks, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), SDGs, and climate-smart business (CSB) initiatives.

Tables and Figures

• Tables summarize data on cereal production, cropping intensity, irrigation trends, and land suitability.
• Figures illustrate global cropland trends, climate change impacts, and water stress levels, providing visual insights into the challenges and opportunities.

Authors and Contributors

• The report is authored and contributed by a wide range of experts from FAO, IIASA, and other institutions.
• It includes contributions from multidisciplinary teams and technical reviewers to ensure comprehensive and accurate analysis.

Citations and Licensing

• The report is cited as: FAO. 2025. The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 – The potential to produce more and better. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd7488en
• It is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0), with disclaimer requirements for translations and adaptations.

Final Note

The report is a flagship publication of the State of the World series and aims to support decision-making and policy development for sustainable land and water management. It is intended for policymakers, decision-makers, experts, and practitioners across various sectors.