亚投行-印度道路运输绩效（英）-36页_4mb

Road Transport Performance in India: Summary Analysis

This study measures road transport performance in India using a framework adapted from European Union countries, focusing on connectivity and accessibility at a 1 km² spatial resolution. The framework evaluates proximity (population within a 120 km radius), accessibility (population reachable within 90 minutes by car), and road transport performance (ratio of accessibility to proximity).

The overall road transport performance in India is approximately 28%. Metropolitan areas like Mumbai and Delhi perform similarly to European cities, with values above 37% in some states. In contrast, rural areas and states like Odisha and Assam show lower performance, ranging from 13% to 19%. Urban areas generally outperform rural ones, but exceptions exist, such as some states where urban performance is lower than certain rural areas, contradicting conventional wisdom.

The study uses gridded population data (e.g., GHSL and WorldPop) and road network data (HERE Technologies). Simulations demonstrate that road infrastructure investments, such as those for the Gujarat Rural Roads project and the Dholera airport, can significantly improve accessibility and performance. For instance, airport connectivity improvements increased road transport performance from 1.8% to 61.2%, while the rural roads project enhanced average accessibility in villages.

The framework is computationally simple and effective for policy analysis, highlighting spatial disparities and the need for targeted infrastructure development. Results indicate that while India's road network is extensive, efficiency varies, and closing these gaps could enhance economic participation and global connectivity, aligning with Asian development goals. Performance levels are lower than those in EU countries, suggesting opportunities for improvement through better planning and investment.