世界发展银行-COVID-19-Impact-Monitoring---Uganda,-Round-2_10页_2mb

报告摘要

Summary of Uganda High-Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 (Second Round)

Background

The Uganda High-Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 (UHFPS) was launched in June 2020 by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), with support from the World Bank. The survey aimed to track the pandemic's impact on households monthly for 12 months. The first round (baseline) was conducted from June 3rd to June 20th, and the second round took place between July 31 and August 21, 2020. Out of 2,421 targeted households, 2,227 were interviewed in the first round, and 2,199 in the second, reflecting a 99% response rate between rounds.

Behavior and Concerns Related to COVID-19

Safe Practices

A drastic decline in safe practices was observed in the second round compared to the first.
Fewer respondents reported reducing market visits, avoiding large groups, and frequent handwashing.
Mask wearing and handwashing after public exposure were not universal and were highly correlated with education level.
Urban residents and more educated individuals were more likely to engage in these practices.

Awareness and Assessment of Measures

High awareness of eased lockdown measures announced on June 22, but half of respondents feared this would increase the spread.
Public and private vehicles were the most concerning aspect of eased measures (67% of respondents worried).
Existing lockdown measures were perceived as effective by at least 85% of respondents.
Poorest quintile respondents were more likely to believe lockdowns would curb the spread compared to the richest.

Security and Rights Concerns

47% of respondents felt increased security risks and vulnerability to crime and violence during the pandemic.
57% believed that emergency measures limited their rights and freedoms.
Security concerns were higher in urban areas.
Concerns about corruption were widespread: 74% felt that money and supplies for the pandemic response would be misused, and 81% believed corruption had reduced the quality of medical supplies and care.

Access to Basic Needs

Basic Goods and Services

No significant change in the incidence of lack of access to essential needs.
32% of households could not meet medicinal needs.
11% could not meet medical treatment needs (a 7% improvement from Round 1).
5% could not meet drinking water needs (conditional on need).
Poorest and rural households faced the greatest challenges in accessing basic needs.

Health

2% of households had at least one member who received a laboratory test for COVID-19.
The most common symptoms reported were fever (28%), headache (27%), and cough (27%).
Symptoms were more common among rural residents.
Lack of learning materials was the most frequently cited reason for children not participating in education or learning activities (53%), followed by no access to radio/tv (31%) and increased household chores (13%).

Education

The rural-urban gap in education participation widened.
56% of rural households had at least one child engaged in education/learning activities, compared to 67% in urban areas.
Only 42% of children in the poorest quintile were engaged in education/learning activities, compared to 69% in the richest quintile.
No interest from students was cited by 35% of children, more commonly among boys.
Lack of learning materials and no assistance from school or government were the primary reasons for non-participation in education.

Food Security

5% of Ugandans experienced severe food insecurity, and 33% experienced moderate food insecurity.
Rural areas and bottom 40% of consumption distribution were more likely to experience food insecurity.
Northern and Eastern regions had the highest prevalence of food insecurity.
Moderate food insecurity declined more in Central Uganda than in other regions.
In-kind non-food transfers (e.g., masks, soap) were more common than food aid, with 16% of households receiving such assistance.

Economic Situation

Credit and Safety Nets

20% of households had to borrow money to face the pandemic emergency.
Borrowing from friends, relatives, and neighbors was the most common source, especially among rural and poorest households.
Formal financial institutions had limited access (12%).
Two-thirds of households were worried about repaying borrowed money, with higher concerns among the poorest and rural residents.

Employment and Livelihood

Employment levels increased slightly in July-August compared to pre-pandemic levels.
87% of respondents were working in the week before the second round, up from pre-March 2020 levels.
Rural areas saw a 4 percentage point increase, while urban areas saw an 8 percentage point decline.
Agriculture remained the most common sector of employment, with 44% of respondents working in this sector before the outbreak and similar levels after.
Non-farm family businesses experienced significant income loss, with 65% reporting losses or no earnings from family assistance and 62% from non-farm businesses.

Family Business Impact

14% of respondents did not work in the week before the second interview.
58% of these respondents cited difficulty in selling goods and services as the main challenge.
Mobility restrictions were the most common reason for business closures (55%).
Agriculture and mining/manufacturing saw an increase in business share in Round 2 compared to Round 1.
Changes in business practices included social distancing (96%), mask wearing (54%), and reducing customer numbers (38%).

Agriculture Impact

Harvest Activities

Only 6% of respondents reported that crop harvesting decisions were affected by the pandemic.
Northern and Eastern regions saw the most impact.
Common changes included delaying harvest, harvesting with safety measures, and not hiring labor.
Main safety measures during harvest: no handshakes (75%), social distancing (96%), and mask wearing (54%).
Reasons for not hiring labor: high labor cost (45%), low labor supply due to the pandemic (25%), and fear of contracting the virus (19%).

Livestock Production

The proportion of households affected by livestock production increased from 8% in Round 1 to 12% in Round 2.

Key Findings

Decline in safe practices and increased concerns about eased lockdown measures.
High awareness of policy changes, but significant concerns about their effectiveness.
Persistent food and health insecurity among rural and poorest households.
Education gaps widened between rural and urban areas, especially among the poorest.
Economic recovery was uneven, with urban and richest quintiles showing more improvement.
Agriculture remained a critical sector, but non-farm businesses faced more challenges.
Corruption and misuse of resources were widely perceived as issues.
Borrowing from informal sources was more common among rural and poorest households.