2012-12-31-世界卫生组织-2013_STEPS_Country_Report_Mali_65页_1mb

Summary of Report on Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Evaluation in Mali (2013)

Overview

This report evaluates the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in specific regions of Mali, including Kati, Ouéléssébougou, Koulikoro, Ségou, and the Bamako District, based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in July 2013. It builds on the 2008 Steps survey. The study aimed to assess changes in risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes after the initial survey, using a probabilistic sampling method.

Context and Justification

Non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and respiratory conditions, are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in Mali. Key risk factors include tobacco smoke, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and excessive alcohol consumption. The 2008 Steps survey indicated high prevalence rates among adults, and this study investigates potential improvements following that survey.

Hypothesis and Objectives

• Hypothesis: The 2008 Steps survey had a positive impact on reducing NCD risk factors in the specified areas.
• General Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of NCD risk factors in the targeted regions.
• Specific Objectives:
  • Assess tobacco, alcohol use; fruit and vegetable consumption; and physical activity levels.
  • Determine moderate to severe obesity and hypertension prevalence.
  • Calculate hyperglycemia levels.

Methods

• Design: Transversal survey with two-stage cluster sampling.
• Population: Adults aged 15–65 years residing in selected districts.
• Sample Size: 2103 participants, calculated based on statistical formulas.
• Variables: Risk factors were categorized into sociodemographic/comparative behaviors, physical measurements, and biochemical tests.
• Ethical Considerations: Ensured anonymity and informed consent.

Key Findings

• High prevalence of tobacco use (10.84%) and alcohol consumption (5.42%) among males.
• Poor dietary habits, with only 94.25% consuming fruits, and low vegetable intake.
• Sedentary lifestyle affecting 74.8% of participants, with limited physical activity.
• Notable obesity rates (37.66%), higher among females, and significant hypertension prevalence (14.97%).
• Elevated blood glucose levels in a substantial portion of the sample.
• Results indicate that while some behaviors may have improved, widespread risks persist, and nearly all participants had at least one risk factor.

Conclusions

The study highlights the ongoing burden of NCD risk factors, emphasizing the need for multisectoral interventions. The budget of ≈25 million FCFA supported this effort, and the findings provide baseline data for targeted health programs to address NCDs in Mali.