美国大流行防备：转变我们的能力（英）-27页_590kb

American Pandemic Preparedness: Transforming Our Capabilities Summary

Core Content

The Biden-Harris Administration is conducting a comprehensive review and update of U.S. national biopreparedness policies, as directed by Executive Order 13987 and National Security Memorandum-1. This effort aims to transform the nation's capabilities to respond rapidly and effectively to future pandemics and high consequence biological threats. The document outlines a strategic approach across five pillars: Transforming Medical Defenses, Ensuring Situational Awareness, Strengthening Public Health Systems, Building Core Capabilities, and Managing the Mission.

The document emphasizes the need for a unified and accountable program management structure, akin to the Apollo Program, to oversee the development and execution of the pandemic preparedness strategy. This includes the establishment of a centralized "Mission Control" to coordinate efforts across multiple agencies and stakeholders, ensuring transparency, progress tracking, and rapid response.

Main Goals

The five pillars of the strategy are:

I. Transforming our Medical Defenses

• Vaccines: Develop the ability to rapidly design, test, and authorize effective vaccines against any virus family within 100 days of a threat being identified. Enable large-scale production and distribution, including simplified administration methods like skin patches and nasal sprays.
• Therapeutics: Create a range of therapeutics targeting key viral functions, enable rapid production of neutralizing antibodies, and develop medicines to manage harmful immune responses.
• Diagnostics: Ensure the availability of simple, inexpensive, and high-performance diagnostic tests within weeks of threat recognition. Promote routine use of diagnostics in public health to improve preparedness and response.

II. Ensuring Situational Awareness

• Early-Warning Systems: Detect new viral threats through genome sequencing of patients with unexplained symptoms and environmental monitoring, such as wastewater sampling. Establish global early warning networks.
• Real-Time Monitoring: Integrate diagnostic, epidemiological, sequencing, and environmental data to monitor the spread and evolution of viruses. Improve analysis and forecasting to guide public health responses.

III. Strengthening Public Health Systems

• U.S. Public Health: Modernize public health infrastructure, including workforce development, lab capacity, and digital systems for data sharing. Prioritize vulnerable communities in emergency response.
• Global Health: Support international infrastructure and sustainable financing mechanisms to enhance global pandemic preparedness and health security.

IV. Building Core Capabilities

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Innovate PPE to improve effectiveness, comfort, affordability, and manufacturability. Develop technologies to suppress pathogen transmission in the built environment.
• Stockpiles and Supply Chains: Refill depleted stockpiles and build resilient, onshore and near-shore supply chains for essential medical supplies.
• Biosafety and Biosecurity: Enhance safety and security in biotechnology research, prevent laboratory accidents, and deter bioweapons development.
• Regulatory Improvement: Strengthen regulatory systems to efficiently approve programmable platform technologies and expand clinical trial networks to support rapid development and testing.

V. Managing the Mission

• Program Management: Establish a strong, unified Mission Control to manage the entire program with the rigor and accountability of the Apollo Program.
• International Coordination: Encourage global collaboration and investment in pandemic preparedness, including the formation of an international science and technology expert group.

Key Information

• The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was estimated at $16 trillion, with over 4.3 million global deaths and more than 623,000 in the U.S.
• The U.S. must invest in scientific research and infrastructure to improve medical defenses, diagnostics, and public health systems.
• The strategy emphasizes equity and access, ensuring that all Americans, especially vulnerable populations, benefit from the advancements.
• The plan outlines a modest but significant annual investment, justified by both economic and moral imperatives, to prevent or mitigate future pandemics.
• A centralized program management structure is proposed to ensure accountability, transparency, and rapid deployment of capabilities.

Conclusion

This document highlights the urgent need to transform U.S. pandemic preparedness by investing in science, technology, and infrastructure. It calls for a coordinated, unified, and accountable approach to biodefense and public health, with the aim of protecting the nation and the world from future biological threats. The proposed strategy not only addresses immediate pandemic response but also enhances general public health and scientific innovation, with long-term benefits for society.