FSB全球金融稳定委员会-Crypto_31页_741kb

报告摘要

Crypto-Assets Regulators Directory Summary

Core Content

This document provides an overview of the regulatory frameworks and authorities responsible for overseeing crypto-assets in various jurisdictions and international organizations. It is part of the Financial Stability Board (FSB) report delivered to the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting in April 2019. The report outlines the roles and responsibilities of different regulatory bodies, focusing on their application of mandates to crypto-assets, including anti-money laundering (AML), financial stability, consumer protection, and market integrity.

Main Viewpoints

The FSB coordinates international regulatory efforts to ensure financial stability and promote effective policies regarding crypto-assets.
Regulatory bodies in each jurisdiction are responsible for assessing financial stability risks, monitoring activities, and enforcing compliance with AML and consumer protection laws.
Some regulators do not have a direct legal mandate for crypto-assets but can still oversee them through existing financial regulations.
There is a growing emphasis on developing specific regulatory regimes for crypto-assets, particularly in the EU and other regions, to address unique risks and opportunities.

Key Information

Argentina

Banco Central de la República Argentina (BCRA): Oversees financial and payment systems and monitors crypto-assets for financial stability risks.
Comisión Nacional de Valores (CNV): Supervises the capital market, including crypto-assets considered as securities, and enforces AML/KYC requirements.
Unidad de Información Financiera (UIF): Focuses on AML/CFT, criminal cases, asset recovery, and enforcement actions.

Australia

Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC): Regulates businesses involved in digital currency exchanges and requires reporting of transactions and suspicious activities.
Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC): Monitors crypto-asset activities for market integrity and consumer protection.
Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA): Oversees the payments system, researches crypto-asset implications for monetary policy, and can establish policies if necessary.
Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC): Regulates AML/ATF and will oversee virtual currency transactions once regulations are finalized.

Canada

Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI): Provides prudential oversight of financial institutions' crypto-asset activities.
Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (FCAC): Protects consumers and promotes financial literacy.
Ontario Securities Commission (OSC): Enforces securities and derivatives regulations, including crypto-assets.
Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF): Regulates crypto-assets as financial products and provides guidance to consumers and industry.
Alberta Securities Commission (ASC): Enforces securities regulations and prohibits fraudulent practices.
Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): Ensures compliance with tax laws and oversees the tax base related to crypto-assets.

China

Cyberspace Administration of China: Monitors and rectifies illegal crypto-related online entities.
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: Prohibits and shuts down illegal crypto websites.
Ministry of Public Security: Prohibits crypto-related illegal activities such as fraud and pyramid schemes.
China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC): Supervises banks and insurance institutions and monitors crypto risks.
China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC): Combats illegal securities issuance and researches crypto-related securities.
People’s Bank of China (PBC): Regulates payment and settlement systems, prevents systemic financial risks, and drafts relevant laws.

European Union

European Commission: Proposes and oversees EU financial legislation, including potential crypto-related laws.
European Banking Authority (EBA): Monitors financial stability and conducts horizon scans on crypto-assets.
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA): Monitors crypto developments in the insurance sector.
European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA): Publishes guidance on crypto-assets as financial instruments and recommends bespoke regimes.

France

Directorate General of the Treasury (DG Trésor): Oversees AML/CFT policies and financial market legislation.
Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF): Regulates crypto-assets that qualify as transferrable securities.
Banque de France: Plays a role in financial stability and payment systems oversight.
Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution (ACPR): Focuses on customer protection, AML/CFT, and payment services oversight.

Germany

Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungs-aufsicht (BaFin): Handles licensing, prudential oversight, and AML/CFT for crypto-related activities.
Deutsche Bundesbank: Oversees financial stability, payment systems, and monetary policy implications of crypto-assets.

Hong Kong

Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau: Oversees AML/CFT policies and financial system regulations.
Securities and Futures Commission (SFC): Regulates crypto-assets that fall under securities definition.
Hong Kong Monetary Authority: Focuses on investor protection, financial stability, and prudential supervision.

Indonesia

Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (Bappebi): Regulates crypto-assets as tradable commodities, developing an ecosystem to protect consumers.
Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (PPATK): Acts as a financial intelligence unit, monitoring crypto-asset activities and representing Indonesia in international AML/CFT bodies.
Bank Indonesia: Banned crypto-assets as currency and monitors transactions and stability implications.
Indonesia Financial Services Authority (OJK): Ensures fair, transparent, and organized financial services, including monitoring fintech innovations.
Ministry of Finance (MoF): Oversees taxation of crypto-assets and reviews relevant tax mechanisms.

International Organizations

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS): Focuses on banking supervision and financial stability.
Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI): Oversees payment and market infrastructure systems.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF): Promotes AML/CFT standards globally.
International Monetary Fund (IMF): Provides financial stability and policy analysis.
International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO): Oversees securities markets and promotes investor protection.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): Promotes regulatory cooperation and policy development.
World Bank: Supports financial development and stability in emerging markets.