2023-10-26-世界银行-从奋斗到机遇_巴西贫困劳动者的概况及其对经济包容性的影响（英）_96页_2mb

Summary

Key Findings on the Labor Market Profile of Brazil's Working Poor

• Characteristics:

  • Gender Disparities: Women represent 80% of out-of-work individuals in the working poor cohort, face higher unemployment rates and lower wages despite better education.
  • Incomes and Employment Quality: Low-income workers predominantly engage in informal employment (70% of in-work). Among BF beneficiaries, most earn below the minimum wage (36% of employed) or are unpaid (41% of working BF adults).
  • Education and Outcomes: Education positively impacts wages in formal jobs but does not fully lift households out of poverty. Fewer than 50% of youth in Cadastro Único have access to formal job training programs.

• Constraints:

  • Caretaking duties, geographic isolation, and lack of formal intermediation limit labor market participation and upward mobility.

Recommendations for Tailored Interventions

For in-work populations:

• Enhance employability services by expanding access to formalization, vocational training, and childcare.
• Target low-educated informal workers with skills development and financial inclusion.

For out-of-work populations:

• Focus on active labor market programs (ALMPs) such as wage subsidies for youth and job-matching services.
• Increase access to childcare services for women with caregiving responsibilities.

Critical Institutional and Data-Driven Improvements

• Delivery Systems: Strengthen coordination between federal, territorial, and client entry points for ALMPs to ensure holistic interventions.

• Data Utilization:

  • Improve interoperability between Cadastro Único and administrative datasets (e.g., RAIS) to track employment trends and inform policy design.
  • Refine data collection in Cadastro Único for more granular labor force and occupation profiles, especially for informal work.

• Scale and Bundling: Promote economic inclusion strategies that combine cash transfers with complementary services (e.g., Microcredit and financial literacy) to enhance resilience and access to stable incomes.

Overall Economic Inclusion Agenda

• Ensure that active labor market policies prioritize females, minorities, and youth by addressing systemic barriers such as discrimination and job precarity.
• Foster local partnerships and human capital development through program sequencing that blends cash support with training, job intermediation, and retail incentives.