2025年世界能源就业报告_154页_4mb

World Energy Employment 2025 Summary

Core Content

The World Energy Employment 2025 (WEE 2025) report provides an in-depth analysis of the global energy workforce, highlighting its growth, distribution, and evolving skill requirements up to 2035. It underscores the increasing importance of the energy sector in the global job market, the challenges of skilled labor shortages, and the need for strategic workforce planning to support energy security and sustainability goals.

Main Points

• Global Energy Employment Growth:
  In 2024, global energy employment grew by 2.2%, nearly double the economy-wide growth rate of 1.3%, reaching 76 million jobs. Since 2019, 5.4 million new jobs have been created in the energy sector, accounting for 2.4% of all global job additions.

• Power Sector Dominance:
  The power sector has become the largest employer in the energy industry, surpassing fuel supply for the first time. It accounts for 3.9 million jobs added since 2019, with solar PV being the main driver of growth. The sector employs 22.6 million people in 2024, with construction and manufacturing playing a key role.

• Regional Variations:

  • EMDEs (Emerging Market and Developing Economies) led job growth in 2024, with India (5.8%), Indonesia (4.8%), and the Middle East (3.5%) showing the strongest increases.
  • Advanced Economies saw slower growth, with only 0.4% of job additions in the energy sector.
  • The global share of energy jobs is 1 in 50 of all jobs, with EMDEs having a higher concentration of energy workers (over 4% of the workforce) compared to the global average of 2%.

• Sectoral Trends:

  • Coal supply experienced a resurgence in India, China, and Indonesia, with 6.1 million jobs in 2024.
  • Oil and gas employment recovered from pandemic-era losses but is now facing retrenchment due to lower oil prices and revenue declines, with a 3.4% growth expected in 2025.
  • Low-emission technologies (e.g., solar PV, nuclear, hydrogen) are growing, with solar PV contributing over 60% of new power generation capacity.
  • Vehicle manufacturing employment rose due to EV adoption, with EVs and batteries accounting for 13% of jobs in advanced economies.

• Skills and Education:

  • Skilled labor shortages are a major concern, especially in applied technical roles such as electricians, engineers, and technicians.
  • Vocational education is critical, but graduates are not keeping pace with rising demand.
  • Reskilling and upskilling are essential, with 50% of fossil fuel workers expressing interest in staying within the energy sector.
  • AI and digital skills are becoming more important, but they do not yet address the acute shortage in manual and technical roles.

• Wages and Job Quality:

  • Oil, gas, and nuclear sectors offer the highest wages.
  • Wage increases in 2025 were highest in oil and gas (3.7%) and nuclear (3.2%), while coal and renewables saw smaller increases.
  • Job quality and competitive wages are key to attracting and retaining workers.

• Policy and Social Dialogue:

  • Policy responses are needed to address labor shortages, including financial incentives, apprenticeships, and education campaigns.
  • Gender participation in energy is low, with women making up less than 5% of the workforce.
  • Social dialogue and collective bargaining are important for improving job conditions and addressing workforce challenges.

• Future Outlook:

  • Energy employment is expected to grow by 3.4 to 4.6 million by 2035, depending on the pace of infrastructure development.
  • Net-zero scenarios will require an additional 15 million energy workers by 2035.
  • Workforce planning must be flexible and targeted, especially in fossil fuel-dependent regions.

Key Information

• IEA Member Countries:
  Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, United Kingdom, United States.

• IEA Association Countries:
  Argentina, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Morocco, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, Ukraine.

• Energy Employment Survey:
  The report is based on the IEA Energy Employment Survey, which collected responses from over 700 firms, trade unions, and educators.

• Occupation-Level Analysis:
  This is the first time the WEE report provides occupation-level estimates, offering detailed insights into skills and education requirements.

• Challenges and Opportunities:

  • Ageing workforce and low youth entry are exacerbating labor shortages.
  • Reskilling is possible for oil and gas workers, but coal miners require more specialised support.
  • AI and digital tools are improving administrative efficiency and training, but not replacing manual labor.

Conclusion

The WEE 2025 report highlights the strategic importance of the energy sector in the global labor market and the urgent need for skilled labor development, education reform, and policy intervention to meet future demands. The power sector is leading the way, while fossil fuel supply faces uncertain prospects. EMDEs are playing a key role in driving growth, but advanced economies still dominate in terms of job concentration and wage levels. The transition to clean energy requires coordinated efforts between governments, industry, and education to ensure a just and sustainable shift in the energy workforce.