世界经济论坛-2020年全球性别差距报告（英文）371页_11mb

Global Gender Gap Report 2020 Summary

Core Content

The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 is an annual publication by the World Economic Forum that measures the progress made in closing gender-based disparities across four key dimensions: Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment. It benchmarks 153 countries and provides rankings and analysis to highlight the gaps and opportunities for improvement.

Main Points and Key Findings

• Global Gender Gap Score: The global average score is 68.6%, indicating that the remaining gap to close is 31.4%. This represents a further improvement from the previous year.

• Progress Across Dimensions:

  • Political Empowerment: The largest gender gap remains, with only 24.7% of the gap closed.
  • Economic Participation and Opportunity: 57.8% of the gap has been closed, but this is a slight step back compared to last year.
  • Educational Attainment: 96.1% of the gap has been closed, a marginal improvement from last year.
  • Health and Survival: 95.7% of the gap has been closed, also a marginal improvement from last year.

• Regional Performance:

  • The average scores across the eight regions range from 60.5% in the Middle East and North Africa to 76.7% in Western Europe.
  • North America (72.9%) and Latin America and the Caribbean (72.2%) are close to Eastern Europe and Central Asia (71.3%).
  • Sub-Saharan Africa (68.2%) and South Asia (66.1%) lag behind.

• Time to Close Gaps:

  • At the current pace, it will take 99.5 years to close the global gender gap.
  • The Economic Participation and Opportunity gap would take 257 years to close.
  • The Political Empowerment gap would take 94.5 years to close.
  • The Educational Attainment gap is projected to close in 12 years, while the Health and Survival gap remains largely unchanged.

• Top Performing Countries:

  • Iceland is the most gender-equal country for the 11th consecutive year, with a score of 87.7%.
  • Other top countries include Norway (84.2%), Finland (83.2%), Sweden (82.0%), and Nicaragua (80.4%).
  • Rwanda is the only Sub-Saharan African country in the top 10, ranking 9th with 79.1%.

• New Entrants and Reinstated Countries:

  • Four new countries were added to the index: Trinidad and Tobago (24th), Zambia (45th), Vanuatu (126th), and Papua New Guinea (127th).
  • Trinidad and Tobago and Zambia were reinstated after previous exclusions due to data availability.

• Key Trends:

  • Political Representation: 108 out of 149 countries have improved their scores, driven by increased female representation in parliaments. However, only 25% of the 35,127 global parliamentary seats are occupied by women, and 21% of ministers are women.
  • Economic Participation: 36% of senior managers and officials in the private and public sectors are women, a 2% increase from last year.
  • Labour Market Participation: Women's participation in the workforce is stalling, with only 55% of adult women participating compared to 78% of men.
  • Wage and Income Gaps: The wage gap and income gap remain significant, with over 40% and 50% of these gaps still unaddressed, respectively.
  • Educational Gaps: While 35 countries have achieved gender parity in education, many developing countries still lag behind.
  • Skills and Employment: In high-growth occupations, women are underrepresented. According to LinkedIn data, women are underrepresented in six of the eight micro-clusters with the highest employment growth rates.

Call to Action

• The report emphasizes the urgency of action to close gender gaps, especially in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
• It highlights the need for policy changes, business practices, and collaboration between governments and the private sector to accelerate progress.
• The World Economic Forum promotes public-private partnerships and gender parity initiatives to improve representation and opportunities for women in all areas of society.

Methodology and Disclaimer

• The Global Gender Gap Index uses data from international organizations and surveys of executives.
• The report is not an endorsement of any third-party products or services.
• Users are required to attribute the World Economic Forum as the source when using its data.
• The data is subject to change without notice, and users must comply with the terms of use of the data providers.