2017年-世界发展银行全球_Economy_Profile_of_Peru_70页_1mb

Doing Business 2018: Reforming to Create Jobs - Summary of Peru

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report, published by the World Bank Group, evaluates business regulations and their implementation across 190 economies and selected cities. It provides quantitative indicators to assess the ease of doing business, including the distance to frontier (DTF) measure, which compares each economy's performance with the best practices observed globally. The report encourages policy reforms aimed at improving the business environment and creating jobs.

Key Indicators Covered

The report includes the following key indicators for business regulation:

• Starting a business
• Dealing with construction permits
• Getting electricity
• Registering property
• Getting credit
• Protecting minority investors
• Paying taxes
• Trading across borders
• Enforcing contracts
• Resolving insolvency
• Labor market regulation

Peru's Economy Profile

• Income Category: Upper middle income
• Population: 31,773,839
• GNI Per Capita (US$): 5,950
• City Covered: Lima
• Ease of Doing Business Ranking: Not explicitly provided in the text, but the DTF score is available.
• DTF Score: Reflects how close Peru is to the best regulatory practices observed in the sample since 2005.

Main Points and Key Information

Starting a Business in Peru

• Procedures: 7 procedures for both men and women (same number).
• Time: 26.5 days for men, 26.5 days for women.
• Cost: 10.0% of income per capita for both men and women.
• Paid-in Minimum Capital: 0.0% of income per capita (no minimum capital required).
• Legal Form: Sociedad Anónima (simple corporation).
• DTF Score: 40.0 (on a scale of 0-100), indicating moderate performance compared to the frontier.
• Key Procedures:
  1. Check the uniqueness of the proposed company name and reserve it online
     • Agency: SUNARP
     • Time: <1 day
     • Cost: PEN 25 (search) + PEN 20 (reservation)
  2. Prepare the deed of incorporation online with a notary
     • Agency: Portal Servicios Ciudadano y Empresas
     • Time: <1 day
     • Cost: Included in next procedure
  3. Sign the deed of incorporation before a notary public and file it online with the Public Registry of Commerce
     • Agency: Public Registry of Commerce
     • Time: 8 days
     • Cost: USD 200-300 (notary fee) + 0.3% of capital + PEN 44 (registration) + PEN 9.72 per director appointment (up to PEN 4,050)
  4. Obtain a Certificate of Registration and a taxpayer identification number (RUC)
     • Agency: SUNAT
     • Time: 1 day
     • Cost: No cost
  5. Stamp the accounting and minute books
     • Agency: Notary
     • Time: 1 day
     • Cost: USD 7 per book (5–9 books, total USD 35–63)
  6. Register the company's employees for Social Security
     • Agency: SUNAT
     • Time: <1 day (online)
     • Cost: No cost
  7. Obtain a Municipal license from the District Council
     • Agency: District Council
     • Time: 15 days
     • Cost: Varies by district, e.g., 10.69% of UIT in Miraflores

Dealing with Construction Permits in Peru

• Procedures: 15 procedures
• Time: 188 days
• Cost: 1.1% of warehouse value
• Building Quality Control Index: 12.0 (on a scale of 0–15)
• DTF Score: 40.0 (on a scale of 0–100), indicating moderate performance.
• Key Procedures:
  1. Obtain property ownership certificate
     • Agency: SUNARP
     • Time: 2 days
     • Cost: PEN 65
  2. Obtain results of geotechnical study / soil test
     • Agency: Private licensed company
     • Time: 14 days
     • Cost: USD 1,904
  3. Submit preliminary design for consultation to the Municipality
     • Agency: District Municipality (Municipalidad Distrital)
     • Time: 10 days
     • Cost: PEN 126
  4. Obtain construction license from the Municipality
     • Agency: District Municipality (Municipalidad Distrital)
     • Time: 45 days
     • Cost: PEN 372
  5. Receive first of a minimum of three inspections during construction
     • Agency: District Municipality
     • Time: 1 day
     • Cost: PEN 344
  6. Receive second of a minimum of three inspections during construction
     • Agency: District Municipality
     • Time: 1 day
     • Cost: No charge
  7. Receive third of a minimum of three inspections during construction
     • Agency: District Municipality
     • Time: 1 day
     • Cost: No charge
  8. Request water supply service feasibility study from water utility SEDAPAL
     • Agency: SEDAPAL
     • Time: 30 days
     • Cost: Not specified
  9. Receive inspection for water and sewerage connections
     • Agency: SEDAPAL
     • Time: Not specified
     • Cost: Not specified
  10. Obtain water and sewerage connections
  • Agency: SEDAPAL
  • Time: Not specified
  • Cost: Not specified
  11. Register and sell the warehouse
  • Agency: District Municipality
  • Time: Not specified
  • Cost: Not specified

Comparative Performance

• Latin America & Caribbean:
  • Average procedures: 8.5
  • Average time: 31.8 days
  • Average cost: 37.5% of income per capita
• OECD High Income:
  • Average procedures: 4.9
  • Average time: 8.5 days
  • Average cost: 3.1% of income per capita
• Overall Best Performer:
  • Procedures: 1.00 (New Zealand)
  • Time: 0.50 days (New Zealand)
  • Cost: 0.00% (United Kingdom)

Methodology Notes

• The report assumes a standardized company with specific criteria:
  • 100% domestically owned
  • Five individual owners (no legal entities)
  • Start-up capital of 10 times income per capita
  • Company deed of 10 pages
  • Office space of 929 square meters (10,000 square feet)
• The DTF score is calculated as the simple average of scores across all component indicators.
• Online procedures are counted as 0.5 days in the total time.
• No bribes are included in the cost calculation.
• Gender-specific procedures are considered, but in Peru, the number of procedures is the same for men and women.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report highlights that Peru has made progress in business regulation but still lags behind the best performers in terms of ease of doing business. The report provides a detailed breakdown of the procedures, time, and costs involved in starting a business and dealing with construction permits, emphasizing the importance of digital procedures, legal clarity, and efficient administrative systems in improving the business environment. The distance to frontier and ease of doing business rankings are critical tools for policymakers and businesses to identify areas for reform and benchmark against global standards.