2012年-世界发展银行全球_Turning_Sri_Lankas_Urban_Vision_into_Policy_and_Action_90页_21mb

Summary of "Turning Sri Lanka's Urban Vision into Policy and Action"

Core Content

This document outlines the Urban Vision of Sri Lanka as defined in the Mahinda Chintana development policy framework. The vision includes developing a system of competitive, environmentally sustainable, and well-linked cities and providing affordable and adequate urban shelter for all by 2020. It also highlights the need for policy and action reforms to support this vision.

Main Views

1. Urban Characteristics of Sri Lanka

• Sri Lanka's urban areas are characterized by low-density sprawl and ribbon development, primarily along main roads and the coastal belt.
• The country has a low urbanization rate relative to its per capita income, with only 15% of the population living in urban areas based on the 2001 Census.
• Colombo Metropolitan Region (CMR) is the economic hub of the country, housing 28% of the population but contributing 45% of GDP and 73% of industrial value added.
• Other urban centers, such as Kandy, Trincomalee, Galle, and Jaffna, are also growing and have significant potential for development, especially in tourism, agroprocessing, and fisheries.

2. Economic Drivers of Urban Growth

• The CMR is the main driver of economic growth, but it needs to increase competitiveness with other Asian cities.
• Service sectors (especially IT and financial services) and high-value manufacturing should be prioritized for growth.
• Connectivity is crucial for enhancing urban efficiency and regional integration, with a focus on expressway networks.

3. Urban Vision and Its Goals

• The goal is to develop a system of competitive, well-linked cities across five metro regions and nine metro cities.
• Affordable and adequate shelter for all urban families by 2020 is a key objective.
• The document emphasizes the importance of preventive measures to avoid the formation of informal settlements and to ensure sustainable housing finance.

4. Challenges Ahead

• Fragmented planning and inadequate resources for Urban Local Authorities (ULAs) hinder effective urban management.
• Low-density urban sprawl raises environmental concerns and economic inefficiencies.
• Inadequate infrastructure (transport, water, waste management) makes urban centers vulnerable to natural disasters and flooding.
• Limited public-private partnerships and inadequate financing mechanisms impede sustainable urban development.

5. Recent Government Initiatives

• The government has initiated connectivity improvements, urban renewal, and green city programs.
• Informal settlement prevention is a key focus, with an emphasis on land and housing finance reforms.
• Housing assistance and livelihood programs are being developed to support the poorest urban populations.

Key Information

• Sri Lanka's Urban Vision is part of the broader Country Vision 2030, aiming to become a global hub and an upper middle-income country.
• The CMR is the most productive urban area, but it must modernize its infrastructure and service delivery.
• Sustainable urban development requires integrated planning, efficient financing, and strong institutional reforms.
• Natural disaster risk is a major concern for Sri Lanka's cities, especially in the north and east.
• Public-private partnerships and market-based land tools (such as land pooling and land banks) are recommended to enhance urban livability and economic growth.

Policy Directions

The document outlines four pillars of policy reform to achieve the Urban Vision:

Pillar I: Strategic and Integrated Planning

• Develop strategic and integrated national, regional, and urban plans.
• Realign planning functions at regional and urban levels.
• Mainstream low-carbon and high-efficiency technologies into urban planning.
• Strengthen provincial roles in regional planning and delegate urban planning functions to ULAs as their capacities grow.

Pillar II: Sustainable Financing and Infrastructure Development

• Develop and implement a financing strategy for regional and urban infrastructure.
• Promote catalytic regional investments to improve connectivity and regional competitiveness.
• Prioritize urban infrastructure investments for greater efficiency and inclusive urban services.
• Explore land-based financing models to leverage private capital for public infrastructure.

Pillar III: Performance-Based City Management and Finance

• Reposition ULAs as competent and accountable service providers.
• Enhance institutional coordination for efficient service delivery.
• Introduce a performance-based municipal grant system.
• Develop a strategy and roadmap for improving the capacity and accountability of ULAs.

Pillar IV: Efficient and Sustainable Land and Housing Development

• Encourage efficient and sustainable land use.
• Provide an enabling environment for affordable and adequate shelter.
• Implement market-based land disposal tools such as land pooling and land banks.
• Mobilize formal private capital to increase the supply of affordable housing.

Conclusion

The document emphasizes the need for evidence-based policy dialogue, sector knowledge expansion, and collaboration between public and private sectors to turn Sri Lanka's Urban Vision into policy and action. It serves as a living document, subject to revision and enrichment as new data and insights emerge.