2014年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Albania_Country_Profile_2013_15页_1mb

报告摘要

Albania Country Profile 2013 - Enterprise Surveys Summary

Core Content Overview

The Albania Country Profile 2013 provides an analysis of the business environment based on data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys. These surveys are conducted across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large firms in the non-agricultural formal private economy. The data collected includes both qualitative and quantitative indicators that help assess firm productivity, business challenges, and the effectiveness of economic governance.

Main Topics Covered

Business Environment Obstacles: Firms in Albania face various challenges that hinder their operations and growth.
Average Firm: Describes the typical characteristics of firms in Albania, including age, ownership, and workforce composition.
Infrastructure: Highlights the issues related to electricity, water, and telephone services.
Trade: Analyzes the extent of foreign trade and the associated costs and delays.
Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing: Evaluates the efficiency of regulatory processes and the burden of taxes and licensing.
Corruption: Measures the incidence of bribes and informal payments in various business contexts.
Crime and Informality: Assesses the impact of crime on business costs and the prevalence of informal economic activities.
Finance: Examines how firms finance their operations and the role of financial institutions.
Innovation and Workforce: Looks at the use of technology and the composition of the workforce in terms of contracts and gender.

Key Findings and Indicators

Corruption Indicators

Incidence of Graft Index: 7.4% of firms in Albania reported being asked or expected to pay bribes, compared to 13.3% in the regional average.
Gifts in Meetings with Tax Inspectors: 18.4% of firms expect to give gifts, lower than the regional average of 10.7%.
Gifts to Secure Government Contracts: 34.3% of firms expect to give gifts, significantly higher than the regional average of 24.4%.
Gifts to Get Construction Permit: 38.1% of firms expect to give gifts, slightly higher than the regional average of 23.4%.
Gifts to Get Import License: 0.0% of firms expect to give gifts, much lower than the regional average of 10.5%.
Gifts to Get Operating License: 11.8% of firms expect to give gifts, slightly lower than the regional average of 10.6%.

Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

Days to Obtain Import License: 6.1 days, lower than the regional average of 15.4 days.
Days to Obtain Construction-related Permit: 20.5 days, significantly higher than the regional average of 83.2 days.
Days to Obtain Operating License: 10.1 days, higher than the regional average of 24.0 days.
Senior Management Time Spent on Government Regulation: 6.7%, lower than the regional average of 15.0%.
Average Number of Visits with Tax Officials: 5.0, lower than the regional average of 6.1.
Open Shareholding Company: 3.9%, lower than the regional average of 4.7%.
Closed Shareholding Company: 26.4%, higher than the regional average of 72.8%.
Sole Proprietorship: 58.9%, higher than the regional average of 14.3%.
Partnership: 6.6%, lower than the regional average of 2.8%.
Limited Partnership: 3.5%, lower than the regional average of 3.9%.
Other Legal Forms: 0.0%, consistent with the regional average.

Average Firm Indicators

Age of Firms (years): 10.3 years, slightly lower than the regional average of 13.4 years.
% of Firms With Female Top Manager: 11.7%, lower than the regional average of 21.1%.
% of Firms With Female Participation in Ownership: 12.5%, lower than the regional average of 32.4%.
Private Domestic Ownership: 94.2%, higher than the regional average of 77.0%.
Private Foreign Ownership: 3.7%, lower than the regional average of 23.0%.
Government/State Ownership: 0.0%, consistent with the regional average.
Other Ownership: 2.1%, slightly higher than the regional average.

Finance Indicators

Internal Finance for Investment: 80.6%, higher than the regional average of 71.2%.
Bank Finance for Investment: 4.5%, lower than the regional average of 14.8%.
Trade Credit Financing for Investment: 1.8%, lower than the regional average of 4.6%.
Equity, Sale of Stock for Investment: 12.0%, lower than the regional average of 5.8%.
Other Financing for Investment: 1.1%, lower than the regional average of 3.6%.
Working Capital External Financing: 15.0%, lower than the regional average of 24.5%.
Value of Collateral Needed for a Loan (% of the Loan Amount): 255.2%, higher than the regional average of 187.3%.
% of Firms With Bank Loans/Line of Credit: 28.2%, lower than the regional average of 39.1%.
% of Firms With a Checking or Savings Account: 73.4%, lower than the regional average of 88.6%.

Infrastructure Indicators

Number of Power Outages in a Typical Month: 4.1, slightly higher than the regional average of 1.4.
Value Lost Due to Power Outages (% of Sales): 2.6%, slightly higher than the regional average of 0.9%.
Number of Water Shortages in a Typical Month: 0.7, lower than the regional average of 1.4.
Average Duration of Water Shortage (hours): 0.9, slightly higher than the regional average of 0.6.
Delay in Obtaining an Electrical Connection: 9.2 days, slightly lower than the regional average of 43.8 days.
Delay in Obtaining a Water Connection: 5.4 days, slightly lower than the regional average of 33.2 days.
Delay in Obtaining a Mainline Telephone Connection: N/A, as it is not available in the regional average.

Trade Indicators

% of Exporter Firms: 12.9%, lower than the regional average of 68.6%.
% of Firms Using Foreign Material Inputs/Supplies: 68.8%, lower than the regional average of 95.3%.
Average Time to Clear Direct Exports Through Customs: 1.2 days, lower than the regional average of 4.4 days.
Average Time to Clear Imports from Customs (days): 3.6 days, lower than the regional average of 6.1 days.
Losses During Direct Export Due to Theft (%): 0.0%, lower than the regional average of 0.2%.
Losses During Direct Export Due to Breakage or Spoilage (%): 0.5%, lower than the regional average of 0.8%.

Crime and Informality Indicators

% of Firms Believing the Court System is Fair, Impartial, and Uncorrupted: 37.3%, lower than the regional average of 41.9%.
Security Costs (% of Sales): 2.1%, slightly higher than the regional average of 1.3%.
Losses Due to Theft, Robbery, Vandalism, and Arson Against the Firm (% of Sales): 0.0%, lower than the regional average of 1.3%.
% of Firms Formally Registered When Started Operations: 99.1%, higher than the regional average of 85.0%.

Innovation and Workforce Indicators

% of Firms With Internationally Recognized Quality Certification: 18.8%, lower than the regional average of 56.2%.
% of Firms with Annual Financial Statement Reviewed by External Auditor: 16.7%, lower than the regional average of 48.1%.
% of Firms Using Their Own Website: 50.6%, lower than the regional average of 75.5%.
% of Firms Using Email to Communicate with Clients/Suppliers: 51.5%, lower than the regional average of 85.8%.
Average Number of Temporary Workers: 0.7, lower than the regional average of 3.0.
Average Number of Permanent, Full-Time Workers: 17.7, lower than the regional average of 29.6.
% of Full-Time Female Workers: 48.5%, lower than the regional average of 60.7%.

Summary

The Albania Country Profile 2013 highlights the challenges and characteristics of the business environment in the country. While the overall business environment is relatively less corrupt compared to the regional average, there are significant issues with infrastructure, trade efficiency, and the regulatory framework. Firms in Albania tend to rely heavily on internal financing and have a high proportion of sole proprietorships, indicating a less developed corporate sector. The informal sector is relatively small, but security costs and the inefficiency of legal institutions remain concerns. Overall, the data underscores the need for reforms in areas such as infrastructure, regulatory efficiency, and access to financial services to improve the business environment and support sustainable development.

展开完整摘要