2015-08-27-世界卫生组织-Evidence_of_the_Effectiveness_of_Household_and_Community_WASH_Interventions_50页_1mb

Evidence of the Effectiveness of Household and Community WASH Interventions in Bangladesh

• Objective: To determine if WASH interventions (water supply, sanitation, hygiene) enhance climate change resilience in Bangladesh.

• Background: Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate change, impacting water quality, sanitation, hygiene, and disease prevalence. Climate events worsen water-borne diseases like diarrhoea and cholera, and degrade infrastructure.

• Effectiveness of WASH Interventions:

  • Hardware: Technologies (e.g., tube wells, rainwater harvesting) are affected by flooding, salinity, and arsenic contamination. Vulnerable areas include coastal zones (salinity), flood-prone regions, and drought-prone areas.
  • Software: Handwashing promotion reduces diarrhoea, especially in schools. Behavioural factors (e.g., access, soap availability) influence compliance.
  • Policies: Existing policies (NAPA, BCCSAP) address climate change but lack integration into WASH strategies. Gaps remain in research and implementation.

• Climate Sensitivity of Diseases:

  • Diarrhoea incidence increases with rising temperatures and rainfall.
  • Cholera and vector-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue) are linked to climate variability.
  • Non-communicable diseases (e.g., cardiovascular issues from salinity) rise due to climate impacts.

• Research Needs:

  • Rigorous studies to evaluate climate-resilient WASH interventions.
  • Identify suitable technologies for specific climate-prone areas.
  • Improve coordination between health and WASH sectors.

Recommendations:

• Strengthen evidence-based WASH policies and strategies.
• Invest in research for effective climate-resilient interventions.
• Enhance community engagement and monitoring compliance.
• Integrate climate change adaptation into national policies.