2012-2016童工全球估计_结果与趋势（英文版）-3mb

Summary of "Global Estimates of Child Labour: Results and Trends, 2012-2016"

Core Content

This report presents the fifth edition of the International Labour Organization (ILO) quadrennial global estimates of child labour, covering the period from 2012 to 2016. It highlights both progress made and the challenges that remain in the global effort to end child labour by 2025 as outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically Target 8.7.

Main Results of Global Estimates

• Total number of children in child labour (5-17 years): 152 million (64 million girls and 88 million boys).
• Children in hazardous work: 73 million (nearly half of all children in child labour).
• Children in employment (including permitted work): 218 million.
• Global prevalence of child labour: 13.8% in 2016, down from 16.7% in 2012.
• Hazardous work prevalence: 4.6% in 2016, down from 5.4% in 2012.
• Regional prevalence:
  • Africa: 27.1%
  • Asia and the Pacific: 10.7%
  • Americas: 8.8%
  • Europe and Central Asia: 6.5%
  • Arab States: 4.6%

Key Characteristics of Child Labour

• Economic sector distribution:
  • Agriculture: 70.9% of all child labourers (108 million children).
  • Industry: 11.9% (18 million children).
  • Services: 17.2% (26 million children).
• Age distribution:
  • 5-11 years: 48% (73 million children).
  • 12-14 years: 28% (42.5 million children).
  • 15-17 years: 24% (36.5 million children).
• Gender distribution:
  • Boys: 152 million children in child labour (23 million more than girls).
  • Girls: 73 million children in hazardous work (17 million more than boys in hazardous work).
  • Girls are more likely to perform household chores than boys, and are also more likely to be engaged in double work duty (both employment and household chores).

Trends and Progress

• A dramatic decline in child labour occurred between 2000 and 2016, with a net reduction of 94 million children.
• However, progress slowed between 2012 and 2016, with only a 16 million reduction in child labour, compared to 47 million in the previous four years.
• Hazardous work also saw a slower decline during this period.
• Sub-Saharan Africa saw a rise in child labour during 2012-2016, likely due to economic and demographic factors, despite targeted policies.

Child Labour and Education

• Educational marginalization is closely linked to child labour.
• 36 million children (5-14 years) in child labour are out of school, representing 32% of all children in this age range.
• Even those who attend school are disadvantaged educationally due to the time and energy required for work.
• Children in child labour tend to perform poorly in learning and lag behind their non-working peers in grade progression.

Policy and Way Forward

• The report emphasizes the need for integrated and context-specific policies that address the economic, social, and structural causes of child labour.
• Key policy priorities include:
  • Mainstreaming child labour into broader social development policies.
  • Ensuring child labour concerns are reflected in education, social protection, and labour standards.
  • Addressing gender and regional disparities, especially in Africa, where child labour is most prevalent.
  • Increasing international cooperation and resource mobilization, as seen in Alliance 8.7.
• Data collection and analysis are crucial for informed policy development, with the 2016 estimates based on 105 national household surveys covering over 70% of the global child population.

Methodology and Data Sources

• The estimates use a consistent methodology across all editions, including extrapolation from national surveys.
• New data sources include OECD countries and China, expanding the global coverage.
• Methodology details are provided in the Annex and a companion technical paper.

Conclusion

While progress has been made in reducing child labour, the pace of reduction has slowed, and the 2025 target remains challenging. 152 million children are still engaged in child labour, with 73 million in hazardous work. The report calls for accelerated action, better data, and coordinated international efforts to achieve the goal of ending child labour in all its forms by 2025.