> **来源:[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # Salesforce (CRM US) # Inline 4QFY26 results; strong AgentForce momentum to support 2HFY27 reacceleration Salesforce reported 4QFY26 results: total revenue was up by \(12\%\) YoY to US\(11.2bn, and non-GAAP operating income grew by \(16\%\) YoY to US\)3.8bn, both in line with Bloomberg consensus estimates. 4QFY26 cRPO grew by \(13\%\) YoY in constant currency (CC) to US\)35.1bn, including 4ppts Informatica contribution, also largely in line with the company guidance. Strong momentum of AgentForce and Data 360 was partially offset by the softness in marketing, commerce, and Tableau businesses. Management guided total revenue to increase by \(10 - 11\%\) YoY to US\)45.80-46.20bn in FY27E, in line with the consensus estimate. Management is upbeat that organic revenue growth will reaccelerate in 2HFY27E, and update its FY30E revenue target of US$63bn (FY26-30E CAGR of \(11\%\)), supported by the strong AgentForce business. We slightly trim our FY27-28 non-GAAP operating income forecast by \(2 - 4\%\) as the company steps up investment in infrastructure and sales capacity. We lower our target price to US$320.0 based on 15x FY27E EV/EBITDA (previous: US$392.0 based on 21x FY26E EV/EBITDA), given that SaaS sector valuation declined due to investor concerns on heightening competitive pressure from LLM providers. That said, we remain upbeat on AgentForce momentum and expect 2HFY27E reacceleration to support sentiment and valuation recovery. Maintain BUY. Expect organic revenue growth to reaccelerate in 2HFY27E. cRPO was up by \(13\%\) YoY in CC, and subscription revenue grew by \(11\%\) YoY to US\(10.7bn in CC in 4QFY26 (both incl. 4ppts Informatica contribution), primarily driven by the solid growth of AgentForce and Data 360, but partially offset by the weakness in marketing, commerce, and Tableau businesses. The strong AgentForce momentum led Net New AOV growth to accelerate and outpace AOV growth in 2HFY26, further boosting management's confidence in the reacceleration of organic revenue growth in 2HFY27E. Management guided 1QFY27E total revenue growth of \(10 - 11\%\) in CC, including c.4ppts Informatica contribution, which implies \(6 - 7\%\) organic revenue growth. ■ Strong AgentForce momentum. AgentForce and Data 360 ARR grew by over \(200\%\) YoY to US\(2.9bn in 4QFY26, including US\)1.1bn Informatica Cloud ARR. AgentForce ARR was up by \(169\%\) YoY to US\)800mn in 4QFY26, underpinned by the strong execution and solid growth of AgentForce consumption: 1) the company closed 29,000 AgentForce deals since launch, up by \(50\%\) QoQ; 2) the company processed over 19tn tokens (up by 5x YoY) and 2.4bn Agentic Work Units (up by \(57\%\) QoQ) across AgentForce and Slack since launch; 3) solid consumption drove upsell opportunities, with over \(60\%\) of Agentforce and Data 360's 4QFY26 bookings coming from existing customer expansion. Expect steady margin expansion in FY27E. Non-GAAP OPM rose by 1.1ppt YoY to $34.2\%$ in 4QFY26. Management guided FY27E non-GAAP OPM to expand by 0.2ppt YoY to $34.3\%$ , supported by Al-enhanced efficiency, but partially offset by investment in infra and sales capacity. Earnings Summary <table><tr><td>(YE 31 Jan)</td><td>FY25A</td><td>FY26A</td><td>FY27E</td><td>FY28E</td><td>FY29E</td></tr><tr><td>Revenue (US$ mn)</td><td>37,895</td><td>41,525</td><td>46,076</td><td>50,985</td><td>56,610</td></tr><tr><td>Adjusted net profit (US$ mn)</td><td>9,930.0</td><td>11,969.0</td><td>12,399.4</td><td>13,963.7</td><td>15,940.6</td></tr><tr><td>EPS (Adjusted) (US$)</td><td>10.20</td><td>12.52</td><td>13.15</td><td>14.81</td><td>16.90</td></tr><tr><td>Consensus EPS (US$)</td><td>10.20</td><td>12.52</td><td>13.18</td><td>15.01</td><td>17.72</td></tr><tr><td>P/E (x)</td><td>28.8</td><td>23.6</td><td>24.7</td><td>21.6</td><td>18.2</td></tr></table> Source: Company data, Bloomberg, CMBIG estimates # BUY (Maintain) Target Price US$320.00 (Previous TP US$392.00) Up/Downside 60.4% Current Price US$199.47 # Software & IT Services Saiyi HE, CFA (852) 3916 1739 hesaiyi@cmbi.com.hk Wentao LU, CFA luwentao@cmbi.com.hk Ye TAO, CFA (852) 3850 5226 franktao@cmbi.com.hk Stock Data <table><tr><td>Mkt Cap (US$ mn)</td><td>187,102.9</td></tr><tr><td>Avg 3 mths t/o (US$ mn)</td><td>2,270.2</td></tr><tr><td>52w High/Low (US$)</td><td>297.85/178.16</td></tr><tr><td>Total Issued Shares (mn)</td><td>938.0</td></tr></table> Source:FactSet Shareholding Structure <table><tr><td>The Vanguard Group</td><td>8.7%</td></tr><tr><td>BlackRock</td><td>7.6%</td></tr></table> Source: Company data Share Performance 12-mth Price Performance <table><tr><td></td><td>Absolute</td><td>Relative</td></tr><tr><td>1-mth</td><td>-12.7%</td><td>-10.2%</td></tr><tr><td>3-mth</td><td>-12.6%</td><td>-12.3%</td></tr><tr><td>6-mth</td><td>-20.3%</td><td>-25.6%</td></tr></table> Source:FactSet Source:FactSet # Business forecasts update and valuation Figure 1: Salesforce: forecast revision <table><tr><td rowspan="2">US$ bn</td><td colspan="3">Current</td><td colspan="3">Previous</td><td colspan="3">Change (%)</td></tr><tr><td>FY27E</td><td>FY28E</td><td>FY29E</td><td>FY27E</td><td>FY28E</td><td>FY29E</td><td>FY27E</td><td>FY28E</td><td>FY29E</td></tr><tr><td>Revenue</td><td>46.1</td><td>51.0</td><td>56.6</td><td>46.3</td><td>50.7</td><td>NA</td><td>-0.4%</td><td>0.5%</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><td>Gross Profit</td><td>36.0</td><td>40.1</td><td>44.7</td><td>36.3</td><td>40.1</td><td>NA</td><td>-0.8%</td><td>0.0%</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP OP</td><td>15.8</td><td>17.8</td><td>20.3</td><td>16.2</td><td>18.5</td><td>NA</td><td>-2.4%</td><td>-3.9%</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP NP</td><td>12.4</td><td>14.0</td><td>15.9</td><td>13.0</td><td>14.8</td><td>NA</td><td>-4.9%</td><td>-5.8%</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP EPS (US$)</td><td>13.1</td><td>14.8</td><td>16.9</td><td>13.6</td><td>15.5</td><td>NA</td><td>-3.3%</td><td>-4.2%</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><td>Gross Margin</td><td>78.2%</td><td>78.6%</td><td>79.0%</td><td>78.5%</td><td>79.0%</td><td>NA</td><td>-0.3 ppt</td><td>-0.4 ppt</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP OPM</td><td>34.3%</td><td>34.9%</td><td>35.9%</td><td>35.0%</td><td>36.5%</td><td>NA</td><td>-0.7 ppt</td><td>-1.6 ppt</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP NPM</td><td>26.9%</td><td>27.4%</td><td>28.2%</td><td>28.2%</td><td>29.2%</td><td>NA</td><td>-1.3 ppt</td><td>-1.8 ppt</td><td>NA</td></tr></table> Source: CMBIGM estimates Figure 2: CMBIGM estimates vs consensus <table><tr><td rowspan="2">US$ bn</td><td colspan="3">CMBIG</td><td colspan="3">Consensus</td><td colspan="3">Diff (%)</td></tr><tr><td>FY27E</td><td>FY28E</td><td>FY29E</td><td>FY27E</td><td>FY28E</td><td>FY29E</td><td>FY27E</td><td>FY28E</td><td>FY29E</td></tr><tr><td>Revenue</td><td>46.1</td><td>51.0</td><td>56.6</td><td>46.0</td><td>50.4</td><td>55.3</td><td>0.1%</td><td>1.2%</td><td>2.4%</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP OP</td><td>15.8</td><td>17.8</td><td>20.3</td><td>16.1</td><td>18.2</td><td>20.8</td><td>-1.6%</td><td>-2.1%</td><td>-2.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP NP</td><td>12.4</td><td>14.0</td><td>15.9</td><td>12.6</td><td>14.3</td><td>16.6</td><td>-1.4%</td><td>-2.4%</td><td>-4.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP EPS (US$)</td><td>13.1</td><td>14.8</td><td>16.9</td><td>13.2</td><td>15.0</td><td>17.7</td><td>-0.2%</td><td>-1.3%</td><td>-4.6%</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP OPM</td><td>34.3%</td><td>34.9%</td><td>35.9%</td><td>34.9%</td><td>36.1%</td><td>37.6%</td><td>-0.6 ppt</td><td>-1.2 ppt</td><td>-1.7 ppt</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP NPM</td><td>26.9%</td><td>27.4%</td><td>28.2%</td><td>27.3%</td><td>28.4%</td><td>30.1%</td><td>-0.4 ppt</td><td>-1.0 ppt</td><td>-2.0 ppt</td></tr></table> Source: Bloomberg, CMBIGM estimates # Valuation We value Salesforce at US\(320.0 per share based on 15x FY27E EV/EBITDA. Our target EV/EBITDA is at a discount to the sector average (17x), given Salesforce earnings growth has entered a more mature stage. Figure 3: Salesforce: target valuation <table><tr><td>EV/EBITDA Valuation (US$mn)</td><td>FY27E</td></tr><tr><td>Adjusted EBITDA</td><td>20,223</td></tr><tr><td>Target FY27E EV/EBITDA (x)</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Target EV</td><td>303,347</td></tr><tr><td>Net Cash</td><td>(3,112)</td></tr><tr><td>Target equity valuation</td><td>300,235</td></tr><tr><td>Valuation per share (USD)</td><td>320.0</td></tr></table> Source: Company data, CMBIGM estimates Figure 4: SaaS: valuation comparison <table><tr><td rowspan="2">Companies</td><td rowspan="2">Ticker</td><td rowspan="2">Price (Local)</td><td colspan="3">EV/Sales (x)</td><td colspan="3">EV/EBITDA (x)</td><td rowspan="2">Rev CAGR FWD 3FY</td></tr><tr><td>+1FY</td><td>+2FY</td><td>+3FY</td><td>+1FY</td><td>+2FY</td><td>+3FY</td></tr><tr><td colspan="10">CRM</td></tr><tr><td>HubSpot</td><td>HUBS US</td><td>245.7</td><td>3.1</td><td>2.7</td><td>2.3</td><td>13.0</td><td>10.6</td><td>9.9</td><td>17%</td></tr><tr><td>Five9</td><td>FIVN US</td><td>17.9</td><td>1.2</td><td>1.1</td><td>1.0</td><td>4.9</td><td>4.2</td><td>3.7</td><td>10%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="10">ITSM</td></tr><tr><td>ServiceNow</td><td>NOW US</td><td>104.2</td><td>6.3</td><td>5.4</td><td>4.5</td><td>17.3</td><td>14.4</td><td>12.2</td><td>19%</td></tr><tr><td>Atlassian</td><td>TEAM US</td><td>73.2</td><td>2.8</td><td>2.4</td><td>2.0</td><td>10.2</td><td>8.7</td><td>7.3</td><td>19%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="10">Security</td></tr><tr><td>CrowdStrike</td><td>CRWD US</td><td>363.3</td><td>18.3</td><td>15.0</td><td>12.4</td><td>68.2</td><td>52.1</td><td>40.1</td><td>22%</td></tr><tr><td>Okta</td><td>OKTA US</td><td>73.0</td><td>3.9</td><td>3.6</td><td>3.3</td><td>13.8</td><td>13.0</td><td>11.4</td><td>10%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="10">ERP</td></tr><tr><td>SAP</td><td>SAP US</td><td>198.3</td><td>6.0</td><td>5.4</td><td>4.8</td><td>15.6</td><td>13.5</td><td>11.6</td><td>11%</td></tr><tr><td>Oracle</td><td>ORCL US</td><td>147.9</td><td>7.8</td><td>6.0</td><td>4.1</td><td>14.4</td><td>10.7</td><td>7.4</td><td>31%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="10">Collaboration</td></tr><tr><td>Twilio</td><td>TWLO US</td><td>118.3</td><td>2.9</td><td>2.7</td><td>2.5</td><td>15.5</td><td>13.2</td><td>12.2</td><td>9%</td></tr><tr><td>Ring Central</td><td>RNG US</td><td>34.5</td><td>1.6</td><td>1.5</td><td>1.3</td><td>5.7</td><td>5.5</td><td>5.1</td><td>9%</td></tr><tr><td>Zoom</td><td>ZM US</td><td>85.4</td><td>3.7</td><td>3.6</td><td>3.4</td><td>8.8</td><td>8.6</td><td>8.0</td><td>4%</td></tr><tr><td>Average</td><td></td><td></td><td>5.2</td><td>4.5</td><td>3.8</td><td>17.0</td><td>14.0</td><td>11.7</td><td></td></tr></table> Source: Bloomberg, CMBIGM Note: data are as of 25 Feb 2026 Financial Summary <table><tr><td>INCOME STATEMENT</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026A</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2029E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Jan (US$ mn)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Revenue</td><td>34,857</td><td>37,895</td><td>41,525</td><td>46,076</td><td>50,985</td><td>56,610</td></tr><tr><td>Cost of goods sold</td><td>(8,541)</td><td>(8,643)</td><td>(9,270)</td><td>(10,040)</td><td>(10,899)</td><td>(11,884)</td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit</td><td>26,316</td><td>29,252</td><td>32,255</td><td>36,036</td><td>40,086</td><td>44,727</td></tr><tr><td>Operating expenses</td><td>(21,305)</td><td>(21,586)</td><td>(23,338)</td><td>(26,263)</td><td>(28,858)</td><td>(31,419)</td></tr><tr><td>Selling expense</td><td>(12,877)</td><td>(13,257)</td><td>(14,345)</td><td>(16,127)</td><td>(17,743)</td><td>(19,531)</td></tr><tr><td>Admin expense</td><td>(3,522)</td><td>(2,836)</td><td>(3,000)</td><td>(3,317)</td><td>(3,569)</td><td>(3,680)</td></tr><tr><td>R&D expense</td><td>(4,906)</td><td>(5,493)</td><td>(5,993)</td><td>(6,819)</td><td>(7,546)</td><td>(8,209)</td></tr><tr><td>Operating profit</td><td>5,011</td><td>7,666</td><td>8,917</td><td>9,773</td><td>11,229</td><td>13,308</td></tr><tr><td>Other expense</td><td>216</td><td>354</td><td>172</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Other gains/(losses)</td><td>(277)</td><td>(121)</td><td>1,017</td><td>(230)</td><td>(255)</td><td>(283)</td></tr><tr><td>Pre-tax profit</td><td>4,950</td><td>7,899</td><td>10,106</td><td>9,542</td><td>10,974</td><td>13,025</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax</td><td>(814)</td><td>(1,241)</td><td>(2,063)</td><td>(1,975)</td><td>(2,304)</td><td>(2,735)</td></tr><tr><td>After tax profit</td><td>4,136</td><td>6,658</td><td>8,043</td><td>7,567</td><td>8,669</td><td>10,290</td></tr><tr><td>Net profit</td><td>4,136</td><td>6,658</td><td>8,043</td><td>7,567</td><td>8,669</td><td>10,290</td></tr><tr><td>Adjusted net profit</td><td>8,087</td><td>9,930</td><td>11,969</td><td>12,399</td><td>13,964</td><td>15,941</td></tr><tr><td>BALANCE SHEET</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026A</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2029E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Jan (US$ mn)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Current assets</td><td>29,074</td><td>29,727</td><td>28,222</td><td>29,977</td><td>38,151</td><td>48,239</td></tr><tr><td>Cash & equivalents</td><td>8,472</td><td>8,848</td><td>7,327</td><td>5,473</td><td>9,781</td><td>15,512</td></tr><tr><td>Account receivables</td><td>11,414</td><td>11,945</td><td>14,339</td><td>15,910</td><td>17,606</td><td>19,548</td></tr><tr><td>Prepayment</td><td>1,561</td><td>1,779</td><td>2,075</td><td>2,302</td><td>2,471</td><td>2,662</td></tr><tr><td>Financial assets at FVTPL</td><td>5,722</td><td>5,184</td><td>2,238</td><td>2,238</td><td>2,238</td><td>2,238</td></tr><tr><td>Other current assets</td><td>1,905</td><td>1,971</td><td>2,243</td><td>4,053</td><td>6,055</td><td>8,279</td></tr><tr><td>Non-current assets</td><td>70,749</td><td>73,201</td><td>84,083</td><td>81,952</td><td>80,038</td><td>79,082</td></tr><tr><td>PP&E</td><td>3,689</td><td>3,236</td><td>3,120</td><td>2,804</td><td>2,388</td><td>1,957</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income tax</td><td>3,433</td><td>4,770</td><td>3,628</td><td>3,628</td><td>3,628</td><td>3,628</td></tr><tr><td>Investment in JVs & assoc</td><td>4,848</td><td>4,852</td><td>7,591</td><td>7,591</td><td>7,591</td><td>7,591</td></tr><tr><td>Intangibles</td><td>5,278</td><td>4,428</td><td>6,815</td><td>5,000</td><td>3,502</td><td>2,977</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill</td><td>48,620</td><td>51,283</td><td>57,941</td><td>57,941</td><td>57,941</td><td>57,941</td></tr><tr><td>Other non-current assets</td><td>4,881</td><td>4,632</td><td>4,988</td><td>4,988</td><td>4,988</td><td>4,988</td></tr><tr><td>Total assets</td><td>99,823</td><td>102,928</td><td>112,305</td><td>111,929</td><td>118,189</td><td>127,321</td></tr><tr><td>Current liabilities</td><td>26,631</td><td>27,980</td><td>37,118</td><td>37,132</td><td>41,159</td><td>45,704</td></tr><tr><td>Account payables</td><td>6,111</td><td>6,658</td><td>8,253</td><td>8,939</td><td>9,509</td><td>10,057</td></tr><tr><td>Other current liabilities</td><td>999</td><td>0</td><td>4,000</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Lease liabilities</td><td>518</td><td>579</td><td>548</td><td>548</td><td>548</td><td>548</td></tr><tr><td>Contract liabilities</td><td>19,003</td><td>20,743</td><td>24,317</td><td>27,646</td><td>31,101</td><td>35,098</td></tr><tr><td>Non-current liabilities</td><td>13,546</td><td>13,775</td><td>16,045</td><td>16,045</td><td>16,045</td><td>16,045</td></tr><tr><td>Long-term borrowings</td><td>8,427</td><td>8,433</td><td>10,439</td><td>10,439</td><td>10,439</td><td>10,439</td></tr><tr><td>Other non-current liabilities</td><td>5,119</td><td>5,342</td><td>5,606</td><td>5,606</td><td>5,606</td><td>5,606</td></tr><tr><td>Total liabilities</td><td>40,177</td><td>41,755</td><td>53,163</td><td>53,177</td><td>57,204</td><td>61,749</td></tr><tr><td>Share capital</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Capital surplus</td><td>59,841</td><td>64,576</td><td>68,835</td><td>72,982</td><td>77,316</td><td>81,844</td></tr><tr><td>Retained earnings</td><td>11,721</td><td>16,369</td><td>22,221</td><td>29,650</td><td>38,319</td><td>48,609</td></tr><tr><td>Other reserves</td><td>(11,917)</td><td>(19,773)</td><td>(31,915)</td><td>(43,881)</td><td>(54,651)</td><td>(64,882)</td></tr><tr><td>Total shareholders equity</td><td>59,646</td><td>61,173</td><td>59,142</td><td>58,752</td><td>60,985</td><td>65,573</td></tr><tr><td>Total equity and liabilities</td><td>99,823</td><td>102,928</td><td>112,305</td><td>111,929</td><td>118,189</td><td>127,321</td></tr><tr><td>CASH FLOW</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026A</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2029E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Jan (US$ mn)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Profit before taxation</td><td>4,950</td><td>7,899</td><td>10,106</td><td>9,542</td><td>10,974</td><td>13,025</td></tr><tr><td>Depreciation & amortization</td><td>3,959</td><td>3,477</td><td>3,631</td><td>4,415</td><td>4,431</td><td>3,556</td></tr><tr><td>Tax paid</td><td>(814)</td><td>(1,241)</td><td>(2,063)</td><td>(1,975)</td><td>(2,304)</td><td>(2,735)</td></tr><tr><td>Change in working capital</td><td>(2,573)</td><td>(1,860)</td><td>(781)</td><td>(904)</td><td>(1,289)</td><td>(1,420)</td></tr><tr><td>Others</td><td>4,712</td><td>4,817</td><td>4,103</td><td>5,318</td><td>5,783</td><td>6,138</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash from operations</td><td>10,234</td><td>13,092</td><td>14,996</td><td>16,396</td><td>17,593</td><td>18,564</td></tr><tr><td>Investing</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Capital expenditure</td><td>(736)</td><td>(658)</td><td>(594)</td><td>(691)</td><td>(765)</td><td>(849)</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition of subsidiaries/ investments</td><td>(82)</td><td>(2,734)</td><td>(9,268)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Net proceeds from disposal of short-term investments</td><td>(2,250)</td><td>(2,736)</td><td>651</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Others</td><td>1,741</td><td>2,965</td><td>621</td><td>(1,592)</td><td>(1,752)</td><td>(1,752)</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash from investing</td><td>(1,327)</td><td>(3,163)</td><td>(8,590)</td><td>(2,284)</td><td>(2,516)</td><td>(2,601)</td></tr><tr><td>Financing</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net borrowings</td><td>(1,182)</td><td>(1,000)</td><td>6,000</td><td>(4,000)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Share repurchases</td><td>(7,620)</td><td>(7,829)</td><td>(12,596)</td><td>(11,966)</td><td>(10,770)</td><td>(10,231)</td></tr><tr><td>Others</td><td>1,325</td><td>(600)</td><td>(1,483)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash from financing</td><td>(7,477)</td><td>(9,429)</td><td>(8,079)</td><td>(15,966)</td><td>(10,770)</td><td>(10,231)</td></tr><tr><td>Net change in cash</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash at the beginning of the year</td><td>7,016</td><td>8,472</td><td>8,848</td><td>7,327</td><td>5,473</td><td>9,781</td></tr><tr><td>Exchange difference</td><td>26</td><td>(124)</td><td>152</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Cash at the end of the year</td><td>8,472</td><td>8,848</td><td>7,327</td><td>5,473</td><td>9,781</td><td>15,512</td></tr><tr><td>GROWTH</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026A</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2029E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Jan</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Revenue</td><td>11.2%</td><td>8.7%</td><td>9.6%</td><td>11.0%</td><td>10.7%</td><td>11.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit</td><td>14.5%</td><td>11.2%</td><td>10.3%</td><td>11.7%</td><td>11.2%</td><td>11.6%</td></tr><tr><td>Operating profit</td><td>386.5%</td><td>53.0%</td><td>16.3%</td><td>9.6%</td><td>14.9%</td><td>18.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Net profit</td><td>1,888.5%</td><td>61.0%</td><td>20.8%</td><td>(5.9%)</td><td>14.6%</td><td>18.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Adj. net profit</td><td>54.8%</td><td>22.8%</td><td>20.5%</td><td>3.6%</td><td>12.6%</td><td>14.2%</td></tr><tr><td>PROFITABILITY</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026A</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2029E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Jan</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit margin</td><td>75.5%</td><td>77.2%</td><td>77.7%</td><td>78.2%</td><td>78.6%</td><td>79.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Operating margin</td><td>14.4%</td><td>20.2%</td><td>21.5%</td><td>21.2%</td><td>22.0%</td><td>23.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Adj. net profit margin</td><td>23.2%</td><td>26.2%</td><td>28.8%</td><td>26.9%</td><td>27.4%</td><td>28.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Return on equity (ROE)</td><td>7.0%</td><td>11.0%</td><td>13.4%</td><td>12.8%</td><td>14.5%</td><td>16.3%</td></tr><tr><td>GEARING/LIQUIDITY/ACTIVITIES</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026A</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2029E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Jan</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Current ratio (x)</td><td>1.1</td><td>1.1</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.9</td><td>1.1</td></tr><tr><td>Receivable turnover days</td><td>119.5</td><td>115.1</td><td>126.0</td><td>126.0</td><td>126.0</td><td>126.0</td></tr><tr><td>Payable turnover days</td><td>261.2</td><td>281.2</td><td>325.0</td><td>325.0</td><td>318.5</td><td>308.9</td></tr><tr><td>VALUATION</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026A</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2029E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Jan</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>P/E</td><td>47.0</td><td>28.8</td><td>23.6</td><td>24.7</td><td>21.6</td><td>18.2</td></tr><tr><td>P/E (diluted)</td><td>47.5</td><td>29.2</td><td>23.7</td><td>24.9</td><td>21.7</td><td>18.3</td></tr><tr><td>P/B</td><td>3.3</td><td>3.1</td><td>3.2</td><td>3.2</td><td>3.1</td><td>2.9</td></tr></table> Source: Company data, CMBIGM estimates. Note: The calculation of net cash includes financial assets. # Disclosures & Disclaimers # Analyst Certification The research analyst who is primary responsible for the content of this research report, in whole or in part, certifies that with respect to the securities or issuer that the analyst covered in this report: (1) all of the views expressed accurately reflect his or her personal views about the subject securities or issuer; and (2) no part of his or her compensation was, is, or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific views expressed by that analyst in this report. 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