2023-11-01-亚开行-蒙古有管理的含水层补给_政策建议和试点应用的经验教训_8页_2mb

Groundwater is a critical water source in Mongolia, accounting for about 90% of total water use, due to extreme climate conditions and limited surface water availability. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is proposed as a solution to mitigate water scarcity by deliberately recharging aquifers, especially in areas with high water demand and insufficient natural recharge. Mongolia's reliance on groundwater is increasing, driven by factors like mining and climate change, necessitating innovative approaches.

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) supported three MAR pilot projects in key river basins, with the Baganuur project showing promising results in augmenting groundwater resources through surface water diversion and infiltration. However, challenges include low technical expertise, high costs, and institutional barriers. Recommendations emphasize developing a structured implementation approach, aligning authorization processes across government levels, and building local capacity in MAR practices for long-term success. Lessons from global case studies, like Windhoek, demonstrate the effectiveness of MAR but highlight the need for careful planning, monitoring, and regulatory frameworks to ensure sustainability.

To advance MAR in Mongolia, a phased approach is advised, with further testing, replication of successful designs, and addressing constraints to improve water governance and security in water-stressed regions like the Gobi Desert.