2022-06-04-世界卫生组织-Global_health_sector_strategies_on,_respectively,_HIV,_viral_hepatitis_and_sexually_transmitted_infections_for_the_period_2022-2030_110页_1mb

2022-2030 Global Health Sector Strategies on HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Core Content Overview

The 2022–2030 Global Health Sector Strategies for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) aim to guide the global health sector in implementing focused, people-centred responses to end these epidemics by 2030. These strategies are based on lessons learned from the 2016–2021 period and take into account current epidemiological, technological and contextual changes. They emphasize the need for a rights-based, multisectoral approach to ensure equitable access to health services and to address structural and systemic barriers.

Main Goals and Vision

• Vision: End AIDS, viral hepatitis and STIs as public health threats by 2030.
• Goals:
  • Reduce new infections and deaths.
  • Improve access to quality, evidence-based, people-centred services.
  • Strengthen health and community systems.
  • Promote innovation and data-driven decision-making.
• Strategic Directions:
  1. Deliver high-quality, evidence-based, people-centred services.
  2. Optimize systems, sectors and partnerships for impact.
  3. Generate and use data to drive decisions for action.
  4. Engage empowered communities and civil society.
  5. Foster innovations for impact.

Key Issues and Challenges

• Uneven Progress: Despite some progress, the global response to these epidemics is off-track. Many 2020 targets were missed.
• High Burden:
  • HIV, viral hepatitis and STIs collectively cause 2.3 million deaths and 1.2 million cancer cases annually.
  • Over 1 million people are newly infected with STIs each day.
  • 65% of new HIV infections globally occur among key populations, who face significant barriers to accessing services.
• Stigma and Discrimination: These factors prevent access to care and exacerbate the risk of infection, especially among key populations.
• Structural Barriers: Legal, policy, and social determinants hinder effective responses, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
• Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: It has disrupted health services, exposed inequalities, and created new challenges in disease control and prevention.

Strategic Shifts and Joint Action

• The strategies emphasize a multisectoral "Health in All Policies" approach to address the root causes of disease transmission and health inequities.
• A rights-based framework is central to ensuring equitable access and improving health outcomes.
• Integrated, people-centred services are promoted across all three disease areas, with a focus on linking care to primary health care and universal health coverage.
• Community engagement and empowerment are key to ensuring effective and sustainable responses.
• Innovation in treatment, diagnostics and service delivery is encouraged to meet the evolving needs of the epidemics.

Disease-Specific Targets

HIV

• Reduce new infections from 1.5 million (2020) to 335,000 by 2030.
• Reduce HIV-related deaths from over 500,000 annually to avoid more than 500,000 deaths.
• Eliminate vertical transmission and improve care for children and adolescents.
• Address gender disparities and engage men more effectively in prevention and care.

Viral Hepatitis

• Reduce new infections from 3 million (2020) to 520,000 by 2030.
• Reduce deaths from 1.1 million annually to less than 500,000 by 2030.
• Expand access to prevention, diagnosis and treatment services in low- and middle-income countries.
• Ensure universal access to the hepatitis B birth-dose vaccine.

Sexually Transmitted Infections

• Reduce new infections and deaths through primary prevention, screening and treatment.
• Address the stigma and discrimination associated with STIs.
• Expand the use of HPV vaccines and integrated diagnostics.
• Strengthen surveillance and research into new vaccines and diagnostics.
• Promote synergies with sexual and reproductive health, family planning, and HIV services.

Implementation and Support Mechanisms

• Partnerships are essential, with a focus on multisectoral collaboration and engagement with the private sector.
• WHO's Role: To support country actions, provide technical guidance, and strengthen global health systems.
• Accountability and Monitoring: A strengthened accountability framework is required, with regular monitoring and reporting to track progress and ensure transparency.
• Cost of Implementation: Significant investment is needed to achieve the targets, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
• Theory of Change: Emphasizes the importance of integrated, data-driven, and community-led approaches to accelerate progress.

Shared Approaches

• People-Centred Services: Services should be organized around the needs of individuals and communities, not diseases.
• System Strengthening: Health systems must be strengthened to address multiple diseases simultaneously.
• Data Utilization: Data should inform decision-making and guide interventions to ensure they are effective and responsive.
• Community Engagement: Empowering communities and civil society is vital for sustainable and equitable health outcomes.
• Innovation: Encouraging new technologies, treatment regimens, and service delivery models to improve outcomes.

Conclusion

The 2022–2030 strategies represent a comprehensive and integrated approach to ending the epidemics of HIV, viral hepatitis and STIs. They call for strong leadership, community engagement, innovation, and multisectoral collaboration to address the unique and shared challenges of these diseases. By focusing on equity, rights, and universal health coverage, the strategies aim to ensure that no one is left behind in the global effort to end these public health threats.