2021-11-23-联合国贸易发展委员会-蒙古国内外肉类价值链调查（英）_57页_2mb

Summary of the Survey on the Domestic and Export Meat Value Chain in Mongolia

Core Content

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the meat value chain in Mongolia, focusing on its structure, challenges, and opportunities for development. It aims to support the integration of Mongolia into regional and global value chains by understanding the dynamics of the meat export sector and identifying key policy implications for improvement.

Main Objectives

• To analyze the structure and functioning of the meat value chain in Mongolia.
• To identify challenges and constraints affecting the sector.
• To provide policy recommendations to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the meat value chain.

Methodology

• The report uses a combination of business process analysis, literature reviews, and field surveys.
• Data was collected from herders, middlemen, meat processing plants, and logistics companies.
• The analysis is based on survey responses and official statistics from the National Statistics Office and the General Customs Administration.

Key Stakeholders in the Meat Value Chain

• Herders: Primary producers of livestock, facing challenges such as price volatility, lack of communication, and overgrazing.
• Middlemen: Act as aggregators and transporters of livestock from remote areas to processing plants.
• Slaughterhouses and Meat Processing Plants: Responsible for processing and exporting meat.
• Logistics Companies: Facilitate the distribution of meat products to domestic and international markets.

Structure of the Value Chain

• The meat value chain in Mongolia includes herders, middlemen, slaughterhouses, and meat processors.
• Meat is distributed through domestic food markets and supermarkets, and exported to international markets.
• The value chain is characterized by thin margins and a small difference between producer and retail prices.

Challenges in the Meat Value Chain

• Price Volatility: Seasonal fluctuations and exchange rate depreciation impact meat prices.
• Livestock Health Issues: Diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease and others like ecthyma and rabies pose significant risks.
• Overgrazing and Degraded Pasturelands: These issues affect animal nutrition and weight, leading to lower quality meat.
• Inefficient Regulatory Procedures: Complicate the export process and create barriers for meat producers.
• Limited Access to Financial Services: Many herders rely on informal credit and face high interest rates.
• Low Participation in Insurance Programs: Only 10% of livestock are insured, increasing vulnerability to livestock mortality.

Government Role and Policy Implications

• The Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry (MoFALI) plays a central role in regulating the sector, including setting export quotas.
• The government has initiated policies to improve livestock health and quality, such as the index-based Livestock Insurance Program.
• There is a need for improved communication infrastructure, better pastureland management, and streamlined regulatory procedures.
• Support for herders through financial services and education on sustainable practices is crucial for long-term development.

Key Findings

• Mongolia's meat sector is evolving, with increasing commercialization and export potential.
• Domestic meat consumption has risen, but most purchases are still made through informal channels.
• The export potential of Mongolian meat is constrained by government intervention and inefficient logistics.
• Livestock health remains a critical concern, with diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease affecting export capabilities.
• Livestock weight has declined due to environmental and climatic factors, impacting meat quality and export value.
• The majority of herders are small-scale, and their decisions are influenced by short-term needs and limited access to formal financial services.

Strategic Recommendations

• Short-term actions: Improve communication infrastructure, enhance livestock health monitoring, and streamline export procedures.
• Medium-term priorities: Promote sustainable pastureland management, increase livestock insurance coverage, and support the development of modern processing facilities.

Conclusion

The meat value chain in Mongolia is undergoing transformation, driven by both domestic demand and international export opportunities. However, the sector faces significant challenges that require targeted policy interventions and institutional support to ensure long-term sustainability and growth.