美国和中国电力行业的脱碳-英-15页_7mb

Power Sector Decarbonization in US and China

Key Issues & Trends

• Global Emissions: US and Chinese power sectors together account for 17% of global emissions and 36% of their combined emissions.
• Net Zero Feasibility: Achieving 80-100% renewable penetration by 2030/35 is technologically and economically feasible.
• Policy Requirements: Current NDAs are insufficient for 1.5°C pathway; need stronger federal and subnational policies.

Opportunities & Challenges

• Reliability: Grid stability threatened by extreme weather; solutions include grid modernization and regional coordination.
• Coal Retirement: Transition away from coal is necessary but faces economic and political barriers; coal-dependent regions need support.
• Renewable Integration: Challenges with grid flexibility and transmission infrastructure; solutions include demand response, energy storage, and regional integration.
• Energy Efficiency: Key to cost-effective decarbonization; need better integration of EE policies with power sector goals.

Policy Recommendations for the US

• Transmission Expansion: Accelerate grid modernization and interregional connectivity.
• Market Design: Strengthen resource adequacy metrics and unified spot markets.
• Planning & Procurement: Update utility planning processes to prioritize clean energy.
• Coal Transition: Support just transition funding in coal-dependent communities.
• Energy Efficiency: Update building codes and promote utility-led efficiency programs.

Policy Recommendations for China

• Unified Market: Deepen National Unified Electricity Market System implementation, prioritizing spot markets.
• Transparent Planning: Introduce rolling-step three-stage (seasonal/medium-term/long-term) planning.
• Flexibility Mechanisms: Promote Time-of-Use pricing, virtual power plants, and demand response.
• Energy Efficiency Integration: Strengthen demand-side management under "energy conservation first" policy.

Opportunities for Collaboration

1. Power sector reform knowledge exchange
2. Joint renewable deployment targets
3. Technology sharing (demand response, transmission)
4. Climate resilience research cooperation

References

• US Policies: Inflation Reduction Act, Infrastructure Investment Act
• Chinese Framework: "Dual Carbon" pledge documents and "1+N" framework

*Note: This summary omits specific figures and technical details from Figs 1-2 as they exceed the space/word limit for a concise summary.*