2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_New_Zealand_2021_country_profile_10页_336kb

New Zealand Tobacco Control Summary

Core Content Overview

New Zealand's tobacco control measures are evaluated using the WHO MPOWER framework, which includes six key components: Monitoring, Smoke-Free Environments, Cessation Programmes, Health Warnings, Mass Media, and Advertising Bans. The country also implements taxation policies to reduce tobacco affordability.

MPOWER Compliance Summary

Key Policies and Compliance Details

Smoke-Free Environments

• Compliance Score: 10
• Laws: Complete smoke-free laws exist in most public places, including healthcare facilities, educational facilities (except universities), government facilities, indoor offices, restaurants, cafés, pubs, bars, and public transport.
• Exceptions: Universities are not fully covered by smoke-free laws.
• Penalties: Fines for smoking violations are required, but fines on the smoker are not.
• Enforcement: No funds are dedicated for enforcement.

Health Warnings

• Compliance Score: 10
• Mandatory: Health warnings are required on all tobacco packages.
• Coverage: 88% of the principal display area for cigarettes, 75% for other smoked tobacco, and 75% for smokeless tobacco.
• Placement: Warnings are placed at the top of the principal display areas.
• Format: Mandates specific font style, size, and color for warnings.
• Graphics: Health warnings include photographs or graphics.
• Rotation: Warnings rotate on packages.
• Language: Warnings are in the principal language(s) of the country.
• Obstruction: Warnings are not obscured by other markings.
• Specific Warnings: 14 specific health warnings are approved.
• Evaluation: Campaigns are evaluated for impact.

Advertising Bans

• Compliance Score: 10
• Direct Bans: Bans on direct tobacco advertising exist on national TV, radio, local magazines, newspapers, billboards, and at point of sale.
• Indirect Bans: Bans on promotion and sponsorship are not complete.
• Product Placement: Appearance of tobacco products in TV and films is banned.
• CSR Activities: Tobacco companies are allowed to publicize CSR activities, while others can also do so.
• Fines: Fines for violations of advertising bans are required.

Taxation

• Taxation on Cigarettes: 82.0% of the retail price is tax.
• TIRSP (Tax Inclusive Retail Sales Price): For the lowest cost brand, it is NZD 23.04; for the premium brand, it is NZD 34.90.
• Affordability: Cigarettes have become less affordable since 2010, with the cost increasing relative to GDP per capita.

Cessation Programmes

• Quit Line: A toll-free quit line is available.
• NRT Coverage: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is fully covered by health insurance.
• Bupropion and Varenicline: Both are available with full insurance coverage.
• Support Availability: Smoking cessation support is available in most health clinics, hospitals, and community settings.

Additional Information

• Population: 4,822,233
• Income Group: High-income
• National Tobacco Control Programme: Active as of 31 December 2020, with 8 full-time equivalent staff.
• Government Expenditure on Tobacco Control (2018): NZD 45,000,000 (excluding Quitline costs).
• Subnational Laws: Subnational jurisdictions do not have authority to implement additional tobacco control laws beyond national legislation.
• Earmarked Taxes: No data reported on the earmarking of tobacco taxes for health purposes.

Summary of MPOWER Score Color Key

WHO Age-Standardized Smoking Prevalence (2019)

National Tobacco Control Programmes

• National Agency: Yes
• National Objectives: Yes
• Staffing: 8 full-time equivalent staff
• Expenditure: NZD 45,000,000 in 2018

Tobacco Use Prevalence (2019-2020)

Conclusion

New Zealand has implemented comprehensive tobacco control measures, particularly in smoke-free environments and health warnings, with high compliance scores. The country has also increased the affordability of cigarettes through taxation, which aligns with the MPOWER framework. The national tobacco control program is well-established, and cessation services are available. However, data on monitoring and cessation programmes are limited, and some aspects of advertising bans and promotion remain incomplete.