2023-07-27-世界经济论坛-Surfacing_Supply_of_Near-Zero_Emissions_Fuels_and_Materials_in_India_40页_2mb

Steel: India's steel sector faces challenges including uncertain availability of technologies like green hydrogen, CCUS, and scrap, high production costs, and a high cost of capital. Barriers to decarbonization include the green premium, limited demand, and fragmented supply chains. Key policy and financial measures include blended finance, clear definitions for green steel, and 100% FDI incentives.

Cement: Key barriers include uncertain access to CCUS and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), high costs of capital, and localized market dynamics. Financial solutions involve blended finance, sustainability-linked bonds, and portfolio-based investments. Policy actions include supporting CCUS, diversifying SCMs, and public procurement of low-carbon cement.

Aviation: Decarbonization barriers involve the high cost of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), fragmented supply chains, and limited demand. Financial measures include blended finance and tax reductions for SAF. Policy solutions involve setting SAF blending mandates and establishing feedstock supply policies.

Financial Measures: Cross-cutting barriers include traditional finance sufficiency, green premiums, capital costs, and a lack of investor confidence. Recommendations include blended finance, sustainability-linked bonds, portfolio-based investing, carbon pricing with revenue recycling, and multilateral cooperation.

Policy Measures: Key policy actions include 100% FDI for green hydrogen, developing industrial clusters for CCUS and green hydrogen, public procurement commitments, feedstock security policies, carbon pricing with recycling, and simplifying regulations for green technologies.