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Summary of the PCAST Report: Revitalizing the U.S. Semiconductor Ecosystem

Core Content

The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) has issued a report to President Biden, focusing on the need to revitalize the U.S. semiconductor ecosystem in response to increasing global competition. The report emphasizes the strategic and economic importance of semiconductors and outlines a set of 10 recommendations aimed at leveraging the $11 billion in R&D funding from the CHIPS and Science Act to strengthen the U.S. position in the global semiconductor industry.

Key Information

• Semiconductors are foundational to modern life, supporting industries such as healthcare, defense, computing, and communications.
• The U.S. is currently the global leader in semiconductor revenue, but manufacturing share has declined from 37% in 1990 to 12% today.
• Asia, particularly China, has been investing heavily in semiconductor manufacturing and R&D, with Taiwan leading in manufacturing and South Korea in revenue.
• The CHIPS and Science Act is a historic investment in U.S. semiconductor R&D, including $39 billion for domestic manufacturing and $11 billion for R&D.
• The report calls for the formation of the National Semiconductor Technology Center (NSTC) and the National Advanced Packaging Manufacturing Program (NAPMP) to create a shared R&D infrastructure and enhance U.S. leadership.

Main Recommendations

1. Establish the NSTC as an Independent Legal Entity

• The Secretary of Commerce should create the NSTC as a public-private partnership by the end of 2023.
• A Board of Directors should oversee the NSTC and NAPMP, ensuring synergy and alignment in investments.
• The Board should include representation from government, industry, and academia.

2. Define Prototyping Capabilities

• The NSTC should establish geographically distributed prototyping capabilities.
• These should cover six coalitions of excellence (COEs) aligned with major technical thrusts such as:
  • Advanced logic
  • Advanced memory
  • Analog and mixed-signal
  • Life science applications
  • Design and methodologies
  • Packaging
• The packaging COE should integrate the NAPMP's budget and objectives.

3. Create a National Microelectronics Education and Training Network

• A national training network should be established by the end of 2023.
• $1 billion should be allocated over 5 years to:
  • Upgrade educational laboratory facilities
  • Support curriculum development
  • Facilitate hiring of faculty in the field

4. Fund Scholarships and Research Assistantships

• The NSTC should support approximately 2,500 scholarships and research assistantships per year across the educational spectrum.

5. Streamline Immigration for Semiconductor Talent

• The Department of Homeland Security should provide premium processing for employment-based second preference advanced degree immigrants in microelectronics.

6. Create an Investment Fund for Startups

• The NSTC should establish an investment fund of $500 million to provide financial support and in-kind access to prototyping tools and facilities for semiconductor startups.

7. Develop a "Chiplet" Platform

• The NSTC should create a "chiplet" platform with a complete software stack by the end of 2025.
• This platform will allow startups and academic institutions to integrate and demonstrate new innovations with reduced investment and time.

8. Allocate Funding to a National Research Agenda

• The NSTC should allocate 30 to 50% of its annual funding to a national research agenda.
• The agenda should focus on areas such as:
  • Materials, process, and manufacturing technologies
  • Packaging and interconnect technologies
  • Energy-efficient computing and domain-specific accelerators
  • Design automation tools and methods
  • Semiconductor and system security
  • Semiconductors and life sciences

9. Identify Nationwide Grand Challenges

• The NSTC should identify grand challenges that span:
  • Advanced computing into the zettascale era
  • Significantly reducing design complexity
  • Proliferating semiconductors in life sciences applications
• These challenges should be addressed through large-scale collaboration across the semiconductor ecosystem.

10. Enhance Federal Visibility and Coordination

• The NITRD program should collate and publish annual investment figures for semiconductors across all federal agencies starting in 2023.
• The NSTC should encourage collaboration with other agencies and public-private partnerships.
• The Secretary of Commerce should develop performance measures to assess the progress and impact of CHIPS and Science Act initiatives and report annually to the President.

Conclusion

The PCAST report underscores the importance of semiconductors to the U.S. economy and national security. It provides a comprehensive strategy for the Biden administration to maximize the benefits of the $11 billion R&D investment through collaboration, education, innovation, and a national research agenda. The report highlights the urgent need to rebuild and sustain the U.S. semiconductor ecosystem to ensure long-term competitiveness and economic security.