2021-12-31-牛津经济研究院-啤酒的全球经济足迹（英）_54页_10mb

Summary of "Beer's Global Economic Footprint" (January 2022)

Core Content

This report, commissioned by the Worldwide Brewing Alliance (WBA), presents a comprehensive analysis of the global economic impact of the beer sector. It evaluates the sector's contribution to GDP, employment, and government revenue across 70 countries, representing 89% of global beer sales by volume. The study uses 2019 data to avoid distortions caused by the pandemic and provides insights into the beer sector's role in economic development, both directly and indirectly.

Key Findings

Total Economic Impact

• The global beer sector contributed $555 billion in Gross Value Added (GVA) to the global economy in 2019, representing 0.8% of global GDP.
• It supported 23 million jobs globally, which is 0.9% of total global employment.
• The beer sector also generated $262 billion in tax payments, with $109 billion from VAT and excise duties.

GDP Contribution by Country

• In low-income and lower middle-income countries, the beer sector contributed 1.6% of national GDP, which is higher than in high-income countries (0.9%).
• The beer sector was linked to $1 in every $131 of GDP generated globally in 2019.
• It was responsible for 1 in every 110 jobs in the global economy in 2019.

Brewers' Contribution

• Brewers alone contributed $83 billion in GVA and supported 600,000 jobs and $21 billion in tax payments.
• The indirect impact of brewers (supply chain spending) amounted to $118 billion, supporting 6 million jobs and $29 billion in tax payments.
• The induced impact (consumer spending from wages) was $60 billion, supporting 3 million jobs and $15 billion in tax payments.
• Brewers' total economic impact was $251 billion, representing 45% of the beer sector's total GDP contribution and 9.5 million jobs.

Downstream Value Chain Contribution

• The downstream value chain (distributors, retailers, and hospitality) contributed $305 billion in GVA, which is 55% of the beer sector's total GDP impact.
• It supported 14 million jobs, with 7 million directly in the downstream sector.
• The downstream sector also generated $88 billion in tax payments and $40 billion in tax from beer sales.

Economic Multipliers

• For every $1 of GVA directly generated by brewers, $6.70 of GVA was supported in the global economy.
• For every job at a brewer, 29 jobs were supported upstream or downstream, and 10 more through induced consumer spending, totaling 39 jobs.
• The downstream value chain was directly responsible for 59 jobs for every $1 million of GVA created.

Productivity and Job Creation

• Brewers' employees are five times as productive as the average worker in the 70 countries studied.
• The beer sector's high productivity and labor intensity in the downstream value chain enable significant economic impacts.

Impact on Global Trade

• The beer sector is deeply interconnected with international trade, particularly through the use of barley and hops from countries like France, Russia, and Argentina.
• Brewers spent $12 billion on international supplies in 2019, with half of this going to manufacturing exports, especially packaging materials.

Future Outlook

• The beer sector has shown 11% growth in GVA between 2015 and 2019 in inflation-adjusted terms.
• The sector is expected to recover and grow as the global economy adapts to post-pandemic conditions.
• With a strong foundation in economic and social development, the beer sector is well positioned to contribute to future prosperity.

Main Points

• The beer sector is a key driver of global economic activity, contributing to GDP, employment, and tax revenue.
• The direct impact comes from the brewing process and related operations.
• The indirect impact is derived from supply chain activities and international trade.
• The induced impact is from consumer spending driven by wages in the beer sector.
• Brewers and the downstream value chain work together to create a complementary economic footprint.
• The beer sector has a greater economic impact in lower-income countries, where it accounts for 1.6% of GDP compared to 0.9% in high-income countries.

Key Information

• The report covers 70 countries, representing 89% of global beer sales.
• It uses 2019 data due to pandemic distortions.
• The GVA contribution is $555 billion, employment is 23 million, and tax is $262 billion.
• The beer sector's total impact includes direct, indirect, and induced channels.
• The downstream value chain accounts for 55% of the beer sector's GDP impact.
• The beer sector's productivity is a major factor in its economic influence.
• The beer sector's growth has been significant over the past five years, and it is expected to continue contributing to economic recovery.

Conclusion

The beer sector is a vital component of the global economy, with far-reaching impacts on GDP, employment, and tax. Its role in both local communities and international trade highlights its importance as a global industry with local roots. The report underscores the positive economic and social contributions of the beer sector and its potential to drive future economic growth and sustainable development.