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Summary of the Global Call to Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

Core Content

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat that jeopardizes the effectiveness of life-saving treatments and could lead to 39 million deaths and USD 412 billion in annual costs by 2050. It is not a distant problem but an urgent crisis that demands immediate and coordinated global action.

Main Points

• AMR Definition: AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites become resistant to antimicrobial medicines. The inappropriate use of these medicines accelerates resistance, making infections harder to treat and increasing mortality and morbidity.

• Global Recognition: In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) identified AMR as one of the top ten global public health threats. By 2024, the Global Burden of Disease (GRAM) project estimated 4.71 million annual deaths linked to AMR, with 1.14 million directly caused by AMR-related diseases.

• Global Response: WHO has led the global response through the One Health approach, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health sectors. This includes:

  • The development and implementation of National Action Plans (NAPs) in 178 countries.
  • The establishment of the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS), which now includes over 100 countries.
  • The AWaRe classification system, which has helped guide antibiotic stewardship, with 58% of countries meeting the WHO target of 60% antibiotic use from the Access category.

• UNGA Commitments: The 2024 UN General Assembly (UNGA) Political Declaration on AMR set clear targets for 2030, including:

  • A 10% reduction in global AMR-related deaths compared to 2019.
  • 60% of countries with fully funded NAPs.
  • 80% of countries with resistance testing capacity for all bacterial and fungal pathogens.
  • 70% of antibiotics used from the Access category.

• Strategic Priorities: WHO has outlined four strategic priorities for the health sector:

  1. Prevention: Improving WASH, infection prevention and control (IPC), and immunization.
  2. Universal Access: Ensuring affordable, effective, and quality-assured diagnostics, treatments, and medicines.
  3. Strategic Information: Strengthening AMR surveillance, research, and data sharing through GLASS and other systems.
  4. Governance and Financing: Establishing cost-effective frameworks, promoting public awareness, and ensuring accountability through tools like TrACSS and GLASS.

• Multisectoral Coordination: WHO coordinates efforts through the Quadripartite Joint Secretariat (QJS), which includes the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). This collaboration supports multisectoral action and global R&D initiatives.

• Challenges: Despite progress, gaps remain in financing, implementation, and monitoring. Countries, especially low- and middle-income ones, need more support to meet AMR targets.

• Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations (FCS): AMR is particularly severe in FCS due to disrupted health systems, population displacement, and weak infection control. WHO is working to integrate AMR mitigation into humanitarian responses.

Key Information

• WHO's Role: WHO is at the forefront of the global AMR response, setting standards, coordinating multisectoral efforts, and driving investment in prevention, diagnostics, treatment, and innovation.

• Financing Call: WHO calls for USD 85 million per biennium in funding to support its strategic priorities and meet 2030 targets.

• Surveillance and Data: GLASS has expanded to over 100 countries, and TrACSS has been used to monitor progress in implementing NAPs. WHO also supports the World Health Survey Plus (WHS+) to monitor household antibiotic use and awareness.

• R&D and Innovation: WHO is promoting R&D efforts through initiatives like SECURE, AMR R&D Hub, GARDP, CARB-X, and the AMR Action Fund.

• Partnerships: WHO collaborates with technical and financial partners, including the AMR Technical Assistance Mechanism (TeAM), to deliver support and monitor progress.

• Survivors' Voices: Real-life stories highlight the need for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. For example, Vanessa Carter's battle with MRSA and Nour's journey from helplessness to advocacy show the human impact of AMR.

Conclusion

AMR is a pressing global health issue that requires urgent, coordinated, and adequately funded action. WHO, with its global mandate and strategic priorities, is leading the charge to preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobial medicines and protect future generations. The next five years are critical for delivering on the UNGA commitment and achieving the 2030 targets.