美国能源及雇佣报告-261页_10mb

United States Energy & Employment Report 2023 Summary

Core Content

The United States Energy & Employment Report 2023 provides a comprehensive overview of employment trends in the U.S. energy sector from 2021 to 2022, highlighting growth across various technologies and demographic shifts within the workforce.

Key Findings

• Overall Energy Sector Growth: The U.S. energy sector employed 8.1 million people in 2022, up from 7.8 million in 2021, representing a 3.8% increase.
• Clean Energy Growth: Clean energy jobs increased by 3.9%, outpacing the overall U.S. employment growth of 3.1%.
• Women in Energy: Women made up 26% of the energy workforce in 2022, up from 149,732 more workers than in 2021, and over half of the net new jobs in 2022 were held by women.
• Veterans in Energy: Veterans represented 9% of the energy workforce, higher than their 5% representation in the overall U.S. economy.
• Unionization in Energy: 11% of the energy workforce was represented by unions or covered under collective bargaining agreements, significantly higher than the private sector average of 7%.
• Union vs. Non-Union Workforce Challenges: Union employers reported 29% difficulty in finding workers, compared to 48% for non-union employers. In the construction industry, this difference was even more pronounced, with 31% of union construction firms reporting "very difficult" hiring conditions versus 59% of non-union firms.

Major Technology Sectors

Electric Power Generation (EPG)

• Total Jobs: 883,300 in 2022
• Growth: +6.1% since 2020
• Clean Energy EPG Jobs: 21,664 added, representing 84% of net new EPG jobs
• Women's Participation: 32% of EPG workforce
• Key Growth Areas:
  • Solar: +3.7%, added 12,256 jobs
  • Wind: +4.4%, added 5,238 jobs
  • Offshore Wind: Highest growth rate at +20.3%, added 178 jobs
  • Hydroelectric: +2.7%, added 1,758 jobs
  • Bioenergy: +3.7%, added 462 jobs
  • Geothermal: +5.0%, added 413 jobs
  • Nuclear: +2.4%, added 1,358 jobs

Transmission, Distribution & Storage (TDS)

• Total Jobs: 1.4 million in 2022
• Growth: +2.2% since 2020
• Key Growth Areas:
  • Traditional TDS: Added 17,700 jobs, +1.9%
  • Other Grid Modernization: +11.6%, added 2,157 jobs
  • Battery Storage: +4.6%, added 3,225 jobs
  • Battery Manufacturing: Represented 16% of all storage jobs in 2022

Energy Efficiency

• Total Jobs: 2.2 million in 2022
• Growth: +2.3%
• Recovery from Pandemic: Recovered 60.2% of pandemic-related job losses
• Key Growth:
  • Construction: Added 23,729 jobs
  • Wholesale Trade, Distribution, and Transport: Added 8,213 jobs

Fuels

• Total Jobs: 1.0 million in 2022
• Growth: +13.6% since 2020
• Key Growth:
  • Petroleum: +51,100 jobs
  • Natural Gas: +58,100 jobs
  • Mining and Extraction: Added 107,029 jobs

Motor Vehicles

• Total Jobs: 2.6 million in 2022
• Growth: +13% since 2020
• Clean Energy Vehicles:
  • Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs): +27%, added 28,366 jobs
  • Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: +25%, added 3,573 jobs
  • Clean Energy Vehicles: +20.9%, added 38,232 jobs
• Clean Vehicles: Represented 59% of all net new jobs in motor vehicles

Policy and Investment Impact

• Invest in America Laws:
  • Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA): Allocated $75 billion for clean energy, including $7.5 billion for EV charging infrastructure
  • Inflation Reduction Act (IRA): Invested $370 billion over 10 years, including $2.0 billion for advanced vehicle production and $27 billion for GHG reduction
  • CHIPS and Science Act: Provided $67 billion to DOE for clean energy R&D and innovation

Demographics and Diversity

• Gender:
  • Men: 73% of energy workforce
  • Women: 26%, up 7.8% from 2021
  • Gender Nonbinary: <1%
• Race and Ethnicity:
  • American Indian or Alaska Native: 2%, more than twice the national average
  • Hispanic or Latino: 18%, slightly below national average
  • Asian: 7%, same as national average
  • Black or African American: 9%, below national average
  • Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: 1%
  • White: 75%
  • Two or More Races: 5%
• Disability Representation: 2% of energy workforce, below the national average of 4%
• Formerly Incarcerated: 1% of energy workforce
• Unionization:
  • Union Employers: More likely to offer diversity and inclusion training
  • Union Employers: Had 46% of workforce represented by unions, compared to 22% for non-union
  • Union Construction Firms: 31% reported "very difficult" hiring, compared to 59% for non-union

Conclusion

The U.S. energy sector has shown resilience and growth post-pandemic, with clean energy leading the way. While the sector still faces challenges in workforce diversity and inclusion, there is notable progress in the representation of women and veterans. Unionization remains a key factor in workforce stability and diversity initiatives. The combination of federal investments and policy support is expected to continue driving job creation and technological advancement in the energy sector.