2015年-世界发展银行全球_Report_on_the_G20_Survey_in_De-Risking_Activities_in_the_Remittance_Market_31页_1mb

Summary of the G20 Survey on De-risking in the Remittance Market

Core Content

This report presents the findings of a survey conducted by the World Bank Group on the de-risking phenomenon in the G20 countries, specifically in relation to money transfer operators (MTOs). The survey was initiated by the G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) in 2014 and completed in 2015. It aimed to understand the extent of de-risking, its drivers, and its impact on the MTO market, with a focus on the interaction between banks, governments, and MTOs.

Main Points and Key Findings

Existence of the "De-risking" Phenomenon

• De-risking is a growing concern in the G20 countries, particularly affecting MTOs.
• Countries where the phenomenon is reported include Australia, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Mexico, the UK, and the USA.
• The number of MTOs reporting bank account closures has decreased from 67% in 2010 to 42% in 2014.
• A significant number of MTOs (46%) have received notifications from their banks about potential account closures.

Drivers of MTO Account Closure

• The main drivers identified include:
  • Profitability concerns
  • Pressure from correspondent banks and fear of regulatory scrutiny
  • Lack of confidence in MTO procedures
  • Reputational risk
• AML/CFT violations or sanctions by MTOs were not cited as top reasons for account closures.

Bank Account Access for MTOs

• 28% of MTOs reported that their principal could no longer access banking services.
• 45% of MTOs reported that their agents could no longer access banking services.
• 7% of MTOs are currently unable to operate through bank channels.
• Banks and MTOs both reported an increase in account closures and restrictions between 2010 and 2014.

Supervision of the MTO Sector

• 11 out of 13 governments stated that the MTO sector is adequately supervised.
• 88% of MTOs agreed that the sector is sufficiently regulated.
• Only 52% of banks felt that the MTO sector was sufficiently supervised.
• 48% of banks believed they could rely on supervision to inform risk-based decisions on MTO accounts.

Regulatory Guidance

• 11 out of 13 governments have issued guidance for the MTO sector.
• Only 6 out of 13 governments have issued guidance to banks on providing services to MTOs.
• 91% of MTOs found the guidance helpful, while only 46% of banks did.

AML/CFT Violations and Sanctions

• Very few MTOs (principals or agents) have faced AML/CFT-related sanctions between 2012 and 2014.
• 78% of MTOs reported no record of sanctions or enforcement actions.
• Only two governments indicated that a bank in their country had been sanctioned for AML/CFT-related issues linked to MTOs.

Key Recommendations

1. Reframing the Perception of MTOs: There is a need to convey that not all MTOs are inherently high risk, and to align this perception with the actual risk levels.
2. Clarifying Regulatory Expectations: Clear guidance on the boundaries of a risk-based approach is essential, especially given the cross-border nature of the issue.
3. Enhancing Supervision: A more effective and proportionate supervision of MTOs is necessary to allow banks to implement a risk-based approach with confidence.

Survey Methodology

• The survey included responses from 13 governments, 25 banks, and 82 MTOs.
• The survey was distributed online between May and August 2015.
• It was supported financially by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
• The survey aimed to assess the scale of de-risking and its impact on the MTO market.

Conclusion

• The de-risking phenomenon has had a significant impact on MTO operations, with increasing account closures and restrictions.
• The lack of a clear monitoring system poses challenges in understanding the full extent of the issue.
• The survey highlights the importance of improving regulatory clarity, supervision, and communication to support the MTO sector and ensure the continued provision of remittance services.