世界银行-支持地震灾后恢复教育：政策说明（英）-2023.10-21页_802kb

Summary of Education Policy Note for Türkiye Post-Earthquake Recovery

Introduction

This policy note addresses the challenges and opportunities in Turkey's education sector following the earthquakes that impacted 11 provinces in 2023. It evaluates immediate responses and proposes a roadmap to support recovery, focusing on achieving equitable education outcomes, economic resilience, and psychosocial well-being, with a vision of building back better.

Key Challenges

• Learning Loss and Well-Being: Earthquakes exacerbated learning gaps, with students losing up to 1.25 years of schooling. This, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, risks undermining national education targets. Children face severe psychosocial trauma, leading to school dropout, anxiety disorders, and vulnerability to child labor and exploitation.
• Economic and Social impacts: GDP is projected to decrease by 3.5-10.5% annually due to unaddressed learning losses. Poverty rates surged in affected regions (40% of households below poverty line), increasing dropout risks and economic instability, particularly for women and youth.
• Education System Strain: Teacher fatalities exceeded 500, school buildings were severely damaged or collapsed, and millions of youth are at risk of being left behind due to inadequate skills and access to education.
• Displacement and Inequality: Over 13 million people were affected, with high rates of out-of-school children and low female labor force participation, exacerbated by disrupted livelihoods and lack of safe learning environments.

Immediate Response

The Ministry of National Education (MoNE) implemented a tripartite management policy:

• Provided shelter in schools, distributed humanitarian aid (food, education kits), and activated emergency services.
• Established temporary learning spaces (tents, containers, prefabricated classrooms) in affected areas, deploying over 20,000 teachers.
• Facilitated student transfers to safer regions and introduced digital education tools like EBA to ensure continuity.
• Prioritized Early Childhood Education (ECE) by offering free meals, childcare services, and psychosocial support.

Proposed Solutions and Roadmap

A five-action roadmap is recommended:

1. Integrated Early Childhood Development Program: Expand daycare services for 3-5 year-olds, support mothers with training and job placement, and incorporate psychosocial recovery activities to build resilience.
2. Learning Recovery and Acceleration Program: Strengthen assessments and curricula alignment, provide after-school tutoring, and ensure inclusive support for vulnerable groups, including refugees and out-of-school youth.
3. Skills Development for Economic Growth: Enhance Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), promote green and digital innovation, and foster partnerships with industries for reskilling programs.
4. Green and Resilient Learning Environment: Rebuild schools using seismic standards, integrate digital and eco-friendly infrastructure, and create sustainable learning spaces through collaborations with agencies like TÜBITAK.
5. Establish a National Center of Excellence for Emergency Management: Coordinate disaster response, research education emergencies, and disseminate best practices to improve institutional resilience and international collaboration.

Recommendations

• Strengthen data systems for better monitoring of student outcomes and emergencies.
• Promote multi-sectoral integration (health, social protection) to support holistic recovery.
• Ensure equitable access and address inequalities, particularly for girls, refugees, and displaced populations.
• Accelerate reconstruction and implement evidence-based strategies within a framework of building back better.