IIE-国际学生流动流动冠状病毒疾病（英）-2021.8-28页_713kb

报告摘要

Summary of "International Student Mobility Flows and COVID-19 Realities"

Core Content

This report by the Institute of International Education (IIE) and the IC3 Movement analyzes global trends in international student mobility before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the impact of the pandemic on student enrollment, the factors driving international student movement, and the future outlook for international education.

Main Points

Global Mobility Flows Before the Pandemic

International student mobility has grown significantly over the past two decades, with the number of students increasing more than double from 2000 to 2018.
The United States remained the top host country for international students, with 20% of global students studying there in 2020.
Other major host countries include the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Germany.
China and India are the leading sending countries, with China accounting for 18% and India for 7% of all international students in 2020.
The top five host countries accounted for over 50% of all international students globally.

Push and Pull Factors

Push factors include limited domestic educational capacity, economic growth enabling students to afford education abroad, and the desire for better opportunities.
Pull factors involve the appeal of higher education institutions, English-medium programs, practical training opportunities, and government policies aimed at attracting global talent.

Regional Trends (2019/2020)

Asia was the largest source region, contributing over 70% of international students to the U.S., with China and India alone accounting for 53%.
Europe remained the second-largest source, with France, Germany, Spain, Turkey, and the UK among the top 25 sending countries.
Latin America and the Caribbean saw a decline in student numbers from Mexico, Central, and South America, but growth in the Caribbean offset this.
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) contributed 7% of U.S. international students, with Saudi Arabia being the largest source within the region.
Sub-Saharan Africa saw modest growth, with Nigeria, Ghana, Ethiopia, South Africa, and Kenya among the top contributors.
North America and Oceania are key regions for international student enrollment, with the U.S., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand hosting 38% of all globally mobile students.

Impact of the Pandemic

The 2020/2021 academic year saw a decline in international student enrollment in most leading host countries due to travel restrictions, border closures, and visa processing delays.
Institutions adapted by offering hybrid and online learning models, which allowed students to continue their studies remotely.
There was a significant shift in support mechanisms, with institutions providing mental health and wellness support and financial aid to international students during the pandemic.

Prospects and Barriers

Despite the challenges, international students showed interest in returning to study when safe and secure.
Barriers to mobility include travel restrictions, visa processing delays, and vaccine availability.
The report emphasizes the need for innovation, policy support, and scalable solutions to address the evolving needs of international students.
It calls for a reimagining of global educational systems that are more inclusive, responsive, and integrated with the realities of the fourth industrial revolution and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Conclusion

The pandemic has disrupted global student mobility, but it has also accelerated the adoption of hybrid learning models and highlighted the importance of support systems for international students.
Host countries must adapt their recruitment and support strategies to ensure continued access and inclusivity for international students.
The future of international education depends on coordinated efforts, technological innovation, and a shift from transactional to transformational approaches in global mobility.

Key Figures

Total international students in 2018: 5.6 million
U.S. international student enrollment in 2020: 1,075,496
China's international student numbers in 2020: 492,185
India's international student numbers in 2020: 372,532
U.S. international student share in 2020: 20%
China and India's combined share in U.S. international student population: Over 50%
U.S. international student enrollment in 2020/2021: Expected to decline due to pandemic-related disruptions