2013-01-22-世界卫生组织-GLAAS_2011_2012_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_highlights_4页_2mb

2012 UN-Water GLAAS Report Summary: Latin America and the Caribbean WASH Focus

The 2012 UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) report highlights progress and challenges in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services, with particular attention to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Key findings include:

• Progress and Trends: From 1990 to 2010, over 179 million people in LAC gained access to improved water sources, and 169 million to improved sanitation facilities. However, only about 10% achieved MDG targets, with many countries falling short.

• Key Challenges:

  • Insufficient Funding: Domestic financing is inadequate, with significant shortfalls in sanitation, exacerbated by poor fund absorption. Foreign aid increased but with inefficiencies, such as low allocation for maintenance.
  • Sustainability Risks: Operation and maintenance resources are insufficient, with high staff shortages and low revenue coverage for utilities. Less than 80% of operating costs are met.
  • Monitoring Deficiencies: Data collection is weak, with only half of countries monitoring progress against targets properly. Robust systems are lacking, hindering evidence-based decision-making.
  • Other Issues: Uneven targeting of foreign aid; political will exists but accountability is limited, with few consumer participations.

• Political Will and Accountability: Growing commitments in LAC, with seven out of nine countries recognizing the right to water and sanitation. High-level political and financial pledges are made, but enforcement and regular reviews are rare.

• Funding Distribution: Capital and operational spending is uneven, with a preference for new services over maintenance. Government disbursements favor capital over operation and maintenance in many cases.

• Highlights from LAC:

  • Funding and Maintenance: Sanitation funding remains low; 36% of respondents report insufficient staff for O&M.
  • Aid Trends: Foreign aid for LAC increased slightly, but domestic sources dominate. Targeting improvements needed to address needs in other regions.
  • Monitoring Status: Slightly over half the countries reported on key indicators, but data reliability is poor.

Overall, while progress is noted, gaps in funding, staffing, and monitoring threaten sustainability and equity in WASH services in Latin America and the Caribbean. (Source: UN-Water GLAAS 2012 report)